l. 21. chaunged a Generall, the Earl of Essex.  See No. 40.

36.

Clarendon, MS. Life, pp. 549-50; History, Bk.  XV, ed. 1704, vol. iii, pp. 505-6, 509; ed.  Macray, vol. vi, pp. 91-2, 97.

Page 139, ll. 3, 4. quos vituperare, Cicero, Pro Fonteio, xvii. 39 ’Is igitur vir, quem ne inimicus quidem satis in appellando significare poterat, nisi ante laudasset.’

ll. 19, 20. Ausum eum, Velleius Paterculus, ii. 24.

Page 140, ll. 9-12.  Machiavelli, The Prince, ch. vii.

ll. 17-22.  Editorial taste in 1704 transformed this sentence thus:  ’In a word, as he was guilty of many Crimes against which Damnation is denounced, and for which Hell-fire is prepared, so he had some good Qualities which have caused the Memory of some Men in all Ages to be celebrated; and he will be look’d upon by Posterity as a brave wicked Man.’

37.

Memoires Of the reigne of King Charles I, 1701, pp. 247-8.

Page 141, l. 17. a servant of Mr. Prynn’s, John Lilburne (1614-57).  But it is doubtful if he was Prynne’s servant; see the article in the Dictionary of National Biography.  Lilburne’s petition was presented by Cromwell on November 9, 1640, and referred to a Committee; and on May 4, 1641, the House resolved ’That the Sentence of the Star-Chamber, given against John Lilborne, is illegal, and against the Liberty of the Subject; and also, bloody, wicked, cruel, barbarous, and tyrannical’ (Journals of the House of Commons, vol. ii, pp. 24, 134).

ll. 29, 30.  Warwick was imprisoned on suspicion of plotting against the Protector’s Government in 1655.

38.

A Collection of the State Papers of John Thurloe, Esq.; Edited by
Thomas Birch, 1742, vol. i, p. 766.

This passage is from a letter written to ’John Winthrop, esq; governor of the colony of Connecticut in New England’, and dated ’Westminster, March 24, 1659’.

Maidston was Cromwell’s servant.

39.

Reliquiae Baxterianae:  or, Mr. Richard Baxter’s Narrative of The most Memorable Passages of his Life and Times.  Faithfully Publish’d from his own Original Manuscript, By Matthew Sylvester.  London:  MDCXCVI.  (Lib.  I, Part I, pp. 98-100.)

The interest of this character lies largely in its Presbyterian point of view.  It is a carefully balanced estimate by one who had been a chaplain in the Parliamentary army, but opposed Cromwell when, after the fall of Presbyterianism, he assumed the supreme power.

Page 144, ll. 19-24.  See the article by C.H.  Firth on ’The Raising of the Ironsides’ in the Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 1899, vol. xiii, and its sequel, ‘The Later History of the Ironsides’, 1901, vol. xv; and the articles on John Desborough (who married Cromwell’s sister) and James Berry in the Dictionary of National Biography.  ’Who Captain Ayres was it is difficult to say