Under our National Government the States are the sheet-anchors of our institutions.  On them falls the task of administering local affairs and of supporting the National Government in peace and war.  The success with which Massachusetts has met her local problems, the efficiency with which she has placed her resources of men and materials at the disposal of the Nation, has been unsurpassed.  The efficient organization of the Commonwealth, which has proved itself in time of stress, must be maintained undiminished.  On the States will largely fall the task of putting into effect the lessons of the war that are to make America more truly American.

One of our first duties is military training.  The opportunity hereafter for the youth of the Nation to receive instruction in the science of national defence should be universal.  The great problem which our present experience has brought is the development of man power.  This includes many questions, but especially public health and mental equipment.  Sanitation and education will require more attention in the future.

America has been performing a great service for humanity.  In that service we have arisen to a new glory.  The people of the nation without distinction have been performing a great service for America.  In it they have realized a new citizenship.  Prussianism fails.  Americanism succeeds.  Education is to teach men not what to think but how to think.  Government will take on new activities, but it is not more to control the people, the people are more to control the Government.

We have come to the realization of a new brotherhood among nations and among men.  It came through the performance of a common duty.  A brotherhood that existed unseen has been recognized at last by those called to the camp and trenches and those working for their victory at home.  This spirit must not be misunderstood.  It is not a gospel of ease but of work, not of dependence but of independence, not of an easy tolerance of wrong but a stern insistence on right, not the privilege of receiving but the duty of giving.

“Man proposes but God disposes.”  When Germany lit up her long toasted day with the lurid glare of war, she thought the end of freedom for the peoples of the earth had come.  She thought that the power of her sword was hereafter to reign supreme over a world in slavery, and that the divine right of a king was to be established forever.  We have seen the drama drawing to its close.  It has shown the victory of justice and of freedom and established the divine rights of the people.  Through it is shining a new revelation of the true brotherhood of man.  As we see the purpose Germany sought and the result she will secure, the words of Holy Writ come back to us—­“The wrath of man shall praise Him.”

XXIII

FANEUIL HALL

NOVEMBER 4, 1918