Well.  I must make my defense, then, O Athenians! and endeavor in this so short a space of time to remove from your minds the calumny which you have long entertained.  I wish, indeed, it might be so, if it were at all better both for you and me, and that in making my defense I could effect something more advantageous still:  I think, however, that it will be difficult, and I am not entirely ignorant what the difficulty is.  Nevertheless, let this turn out as may be pleasing to God, I must obey the law and make my defense.

3.  Let us, then, repeat from the beginning what the accusation is from which the calumny against me has arisen, and relying on which Melitus has preferred this indictment against me.  Well.  What, then, do they who charge me say in their charge?  For it is necessary to read their deposition as of public accusers.  “Socrates acts wickedly, and is criminally curious in searching into things under the earth, and in the heavens, and in making the worse appear the better cause, and in teaching these same things to others.”  Such is the accusation:  for such things you have yourselves seen in the comedy of Aristophanes, one Socrates there carried about, saying that he walks in the air, and acting many other buffooneries, of which I understand nothing whatever.  Nor do I say this as disparaging such a science, if there be any one skilled in such things, only let me not be prosecuted by Melitus on a charge of this kind; but I say it, O Athenians! because I have nothing to do with such matters.  And I call upon most of you as witnesses of this, and require you to inform and tell each other, as many of you as have ever heard me conversing; and there are many such among you.  Therefore tell each other, if any one of you has ever heard me conversing little or much on such subjects.  And from this you will know that other things also, which the multitude assert of me, are of a similar nature.

4.  However not one of these things is true; nor, if you have heard from any one that I attempt to teach men, and require payment, is this true.  Though this, indeed, appears to me to be an honorable thing, if one should be able to instruct men, like Gorgias the Leontine, Prodicus the Cean, and Hippias the Elean.  For each of these, O Athenians! is able, by going through the several cities, to persuade the young men, who can attach themselves gratuitously to such of their own fellow-citizens as they please, to abandon their fellow-citizens and associate with them, giving them money and thanks besides.  There is also another wise man here, a Parian, who, I hear, is staying in the city.  For I happened to visit a person who spends more money on the sophists than all others together:  I mean Callias, son of Hipponicus.  I therefore asked him, for he has two sons, “Callias,” I said, “if your two sons were colts or calves, we should have had to choose a master for them, and hire a person who would make them excel in such qualities