How far the fact of the working classes being at war with the proprietary classes justifies them in suspending the observance of the ordinary social obligations in dealing with them was never settled; but at that time we were decidedly less scrupulous than we are now in our ideas on the subject; and we all said freely that as gunpowder destroyed the feudal system, so the capitalist system could not long survive the invention of dynamite.  Not that we are dynamitards:  indeed the absurdity of the inference shows how innocent we were of any practical acquaintance with explosives; but we thought that the statement about gunpowder and feudalism was historically true, and that it would do the capitalists good to remind them of it.  Suddenly, however, the Federation made a very startling practical application of the Class War doctrine.  They did not blow anybody up; but in the general election of 1885 they ran two candidates in London—­Mr. Williams, in Hampstead, who got 27 votes, and Mr. Fielding, in Kennington, who got 32 votes.  And they made no secret of the fact that the expenses of these elections had been paid by one of the established political parties in order to split the vote of the other.  From the point of view of the abstract moralist there was nothing to be said against the transaction; since it was evident that Socialist statesmanship must for a long time to come consist largely of taking advantage of the party dissensions between the Unsocialists.  It may easily happen to-morrow that the Liberal party may offer to contribute to the expenses of a Fabian candidate in a hopelessly Tory stronghold, in order to substantiate its pretensions to encourage Labour representation.  Under such circumstances it is quite possible that we may say to the Fabian in question, Accept by all means; and deliver propagandist addresses all over the place.  Suppose that the Liberal party offers to bear part of Mr. Sidney Webb’s expenses at the forthcoming County Council election at Deptford, as they undoubtedly will, by means of the usual National Liberal Club subscription, in the case of the poorer Labour candidates.  Mr. Webb, as a matter of personal preference for an independence which he is fortunately able to afford, will refuse.  But suppose Mr. Webb were not in that fortunate position, as some Labour candidates will not be!  It is quite certain that not the smallest odium would attach to the acceptance of a Liberal grant-in-aid.  Now the idea that taking Tory money is worse than taking Liberal money is clearly a Liberal party idea and not a Social-Democratic one.  In 1885 there was not the slightest excuse for regarding the Tory party as any more hostile to Socialism than the Liberal party; and Mr. Hyndman’s classical quotation, ’Non olet’—­’It does not smell,’ meaning that there is no difference in the flavour of Tory and Whig gold once it comes into the Socialist treasury, was a sufficient retort to the accusations of moral corruption which were levelled at him.  But the Tory money job,