at the head of the home department, where he remained undisturbed till the political demise of Lord Liverpool in the spring of 1827.  The most distinguished man that has filled the chair of the House of Commons in the present century was Charles Abbott, afterward Lord Colchester.  In the summer of 1817 he had completed sixteen years of hard service in that eminent office, and he had represented the University for eleven years.  His valuable labors having been rewarded with a pension and a peerage, he took his seat, full of years and honors, among the hereditary legislators of the land, and left a vacancy in the representation of his alma mater, which Mr. Peel above all living men was deemed the most fitting person to occupy.  At that time he was an intense tory—­or as the Irish called him, an Orange Protestant of the deepest dye—­one prepared to make any sacrifice for the maintenance of church and state as established by the revolution of 1688.  Who, therefore, so fit as he to represent the loyalty, learning, and orthodoxy of Oxford?  To have done so had been the object of Mr. Canning’s young ambition:  but in 1817 he could not be so ungrateful to Liverpool as to reject its representation even for the early object of his parliamentary affections.  Mr. Peel, therefore, was returned without opposition, for that constituency which many consider the most important in the land—­with which he remained on the best possible terms for twelve years.  The question of the repeal of the penal laws affecting the Roman Catholics, which severed so many political connections, was, however, destined to separate Mr. Peel from Oxford.  In 1828 rumors of the coming change were rife, and many expedients were devised to extract his opinions on the Catholic question.  But with the reserve which ever marked his character, left all curiosity at fault.  At last, the necessities of the government rendered further concealment impossible, and out came the truth that he was no longer an Orangeman.  The ardent friends who had frequently supported his Oxford elections, and the hot partisans who shouted “Peel and Protestantism,” at the Brunswick Clubs, reviled him for his defection in no measured terms.  On the 4th of February, 1829, he addressed a letter to the vice-chancellor of Oxford, stating, in many well-turned phrases, that the Catholic question must forthwith be adjusted, under advice in which he concurred; and that, therefore, he considered himself bound to resign that trust which the University had during so many years confided to his hands.  His resignation was accepted; but as the avowed purpose of that important step was to give his constituents an opportunity of pronouncing an opinion upon a change of policy, he merely accepted the Chiltern Hundreds with the intention of immediately becoming a candidate for that seat in parliament which he had just vacated.  At this election Mr. Peel was opposed by Sir Robert Inglis, who was elected by 755 to 609.  Mr. Peel was, therefore, obliged to cast himself on the favor of Sir Manasseh Lopez, who returned him for Westbury, in Wiltshire, which constituency he continued to represent two years, until at the general election in 1830 he was chosen for Tamworth, in the representation for which he continued for twenty years.