It was about the 12th of August that they left Mackinaw, and pursued the usual route by Green Bay, Fox and Wisconsin rivers, to Prairie du Chien, and thence down the Mississippi to St. Louis, where they landed on the 3d of September.

CHAPTER XIV.

St. Louis.—­Its Situation.—­Motley Population.—­French Creole Traders and Their Dependants.—­Missouri Fur Company—­ Mr. Manuel Lisa.—­Mississippi Boatmen.—­Vagrant Indians.  —­Kentucky Hunters—­Old French Mansion—­Fiddling—­Billiards —­Mr. Joseph Miller—­His Character—­Recruits—­Voyage Up the Missouri.—­Difficulties of the River.—­Merits of Canadian Voyageurs.-Arrival at the Nodowa.—­Mr. Robert M’Lellan joins the Party—­John Day, a Virginia Hunter.  Description of Him.  —­Mr. Hunt Returns to St. Louis.

St. Louis, which is situated on the right bank of the Mississippi River, a few miles below the mouth of the Missouri, was, at that time, a frontier settlement, and the last fitting-out place for the Indian trade of the Southwest.  It possessed a motley population, composed of the creole descendants of the original French colonists; the keen traders from the Atlantic States; the backwoodsmen of Kentucky and Tennessee; the Indians and half-breeds of the prairies; together with a singular aquatic race that had grown up from the navigation of the rivers—­the “boatmen of the Mississippi”—­who possessed habits, manners, and almost a language, peculiarly their own, and strongly technical.  They, at that time, were extremely numerous, and conducted the chief navigation and commerce of the Ohio and the Mississippi, as the voyageurs did of the Canadian waters; but, like them, their consequence and characteristics are rapidly vanishing before the all-pervading intrusion of steamboats.

The old French houses engaged in the Indian trade had gathered round them a train of dependents, mongrel Indians, and mongrel Frenchmen, who had intermarried with Indians.  These they employed in their various expeditions by land and water.  Various individuals of other countries had, of late years, pushed the trade further into the interior, to the upper waters of the Missouri, and had swelled the number of these hangers-on.  Several of these traders had, two or three years previously, formed themselves into a company, composed of twelve partners, with a capital of about forty thousand dollars, called the Missouri Fur Company; the object of which was, to establish posts along the upper part of that river, and monopolize the trade.  The leading partner of this company was Mr. Manuel Lisa, a Spaniard by birth, and a man of bold and enterprising character, who had ascended the Missouri almost to its source, and made himself well acquainted and popular with several of its tribes.  By his exertions, trading posts had been established, in 1808, in the Sioux country, and among the Aricara and Mandan tribes; and a principal one, under Mr. Henry, one of the partners, at the forks of the Missouri.  This company had in its employ about two hundred and fifty men, partly American and partly creole voyageurs.