In 1780 furs had become so scarce in Siberia that the supply was insufficient for the demand in the Asiatic countries.  It was at this time that the sea-otter was introduced into the markets for China.  The skins brought such incredible prices, as to originate immediately several American and British expeditions to the northern islands of the Pacific, to Nootka Sound, and the northwest coast of America; but the Russians already had possession of the tract which they now hold, and had arranged a trade for the sea-otter with the Koudek tribes.  They do not engross the trade, however; the American northwest trading ships procure them, all along the coast, from the Indians.

At one period, the fur seals formed no inconsiderable item in the trade.  South Georgia, in south latitude fifty-five degrees, discovered in 1675, was explored by Captain Cook in 1771.  The Americans immediately commenced carrying seal skins thence to China, where they obtained the most exorbitant prices.  One million two hundred thousand skins have been taken from that island alone, and nearly an equal number from the Island of Desolation, since they were first resorted to for the purpose of commerce.

The discovery of the South Shetlands, sixty-three degrees south latitude, in 1818, added surprisingly to the trade in fur seals.  The number taken from the South Shetlands in 1821 and 1822 amounted to three hundred and twenty thousand.  This valuable animal is now almost extinct in all these islands, owing to the exterminating system adopted by the hunters.  They are still taken on the Lobos Islands, where the provident government of Montevideo restrict the fishery, or hunting, within certain limits, which insures an annual return of the seals.  At certain seasons, these amphibia, for the purpose of renewing their coat, come up on the dark frowning rocks and precipices, where there is not a trace of vegetation.  In the middle of January, the islands are partially cleared of snow, where a few patches of short straggling grass spring up in favorable situations; but the seals do not resort to it for food.  They remain on the rocks not less than two months, without any sustenance, when they return much emaciated to the sea.

Bears of various species and colors, many varieties of the fox, the wolf, the beaver, the otter, the marten, the raccoon, the badger, the wolverine, the mink, the lynx, the muskrat, the woodchuck, the rabbit, the hare, and the squirrel, are natives of North America.

The beaver, otter, lynx fisher, hare, and raccoon, are used principally for hats; while the bears of several varieties furnish an excellent material for sleigh linings, for cavalry caps, and other military equipments.  The fur of the black fox is the most valuable of any of the American varieties; and next to that the red, which is exported to China and Smyrna.  In China, the red is employed for trimmings, linings, and robes; the latter being variegated by adding the