Mr. Crooks now informed his companions that in his desolate wanderings through the Snake River country during the preceding winter, in which he had been accompanied by John Day, the poor fellow’s wits had been partially unsettled by the sufferings and horrors through which they had passed, and he doubted whether they had ever been restored to perfect sanity.  It was still hoped that this agitation of spirits might pass away as they proceeded; but, on the contrary, it grew more and more violent.  His comrades endeavored to divert his mind and to draw him into rational conversation, but he only became the more exasperated, uttering wild and incoherent ravings.  The sight of any of the natives put him in an absolute fury, and he would heap on them the most opprobrious epithets; recollecting, no doubt, what he had suffered from Indian robbers.

On the evening of the 2d of July he became absolutely frantic, and attempted to destroy himself.  Being disarmed, he sank into quietude, and professed the greatest remorse for the crime he had meditated.  He then pretended to sleep, and having thus lulled suspicion, suddenly sprang up, just before daylight, seized a pair of loaded pistols, and endeavored to blow out his brains.  In his hurry he fired too high, and the balls passed over his head.  He was instantly secured and placed under a guard in one of the boats.  How to dispose of him was now the question, as it was impossible to keep him with the expedition.  Fortunately Mr. Stuart met with some Indians accustomed to trade with Astoria.  These undertook to conduct John Day back to the factory, and deliver him there in safety.  It was with the utmost concern that his comrades saw the poor fellow depart; for, independent of his invaluable services as a first-rate hunter, his frank and loyal qualities had made him a universal favorite.  It may be as well to add that the Indians executed their task faithfully, and landed John Day among his friends at Astoria; but his constitution was completely broken by the hardships he had undergone, and he died within a year.

On the evening of the 6th of July the party arrived at the piratical pass of the river, and encamped at the foot of the first rapid.  The next day, before the commencement of the portage, the greatest precautions were taken to guard against lurking treachery, or open attack.  The weapons of every man were put in order, and his cartridge-box replenished.  Each one wore a kind of surcoat made of the skin of the elk, reaching from his neck to his knees, and answering the purpose of a shirt of mail, for it was arrow proof, and could even resist a musket ball at the distance of ninety yards.  Thus armed and equipped, they posted their forces in military style.  Five of the officers took their stations at each end of the portage, which was between three and four miles in length; a number of men mounted guard at short distances along the heights immediately overlooking the river, while the residue, thus protected from surprise, employed