is in great danger, and imperatively needs reenforcements to save it from destruction.  The galleys at Manila, now useless, should be replaced by light sailing-vessels.  A further levy of tribute has been made on the Indians for the new fortress at Manila:  this is an oppressive burden for them.  Ayala relates at length the dissensions between the bishop and the secular authorities; the king is implored to settle the question at issue.  The bishop has also offended the Augustinians, by sending Dominican friars into their field among the Chinese residents:  The king is asked to send more friars, to instruct the natives.  The Manila hospital for Indians has no income save of alms:  Ayala recommends that the Franciscans in charge be allowed to sell a certain amount of pepper in Nueva Espana.  The members of the Audiencia, and the magistrates and officials appointed during the current year are enumerated by name.  A fierce tempest has occurred at Manila, causing great damage, and destroying all the vessels in the harbor except one small one.  The expedition sent to Cagayan has returned without accomplishing anything except the destruction of the crops belonging to the hostile Indians, which will only irritate them and incite them to revenge.

A royal decree (dated August 9, 1589) orders the newly appointed governor of the Philippines, Gomez Perez Dasmarinas, to repeal the import duties levied at Manila on provisions and military supplies, also to suppress the retail trade conducted there by the Chinese.

As a result of Sanchez’s embassy to Spain, the king and his counselors decide to institute many reforms in the Philippines, and to send thither a royal governor in place of the Audiencia.  For this dignity is selected Gomez Perez Dasmarinas, and the king’s instructions to him (dated August 9, 1589) embody the changes to be made in the government and life of the colony.  The cathedral at Manila is to be built, for which purpose the king appropriates the sum of twelve thousand ducados.  Similar aid is to be granted to the two hospitals at Manila.  More religious are to be sent to the islands.  The rate of tribute from the Indians shall be increased from eight reals to ten; this increase shall be used for tithes and the support of troops in the islands; and the encomenderos must support religious instruction among the natives, and pay tithes.  A grant of money for six years is made to the city of Manila; but the king declines to abolish the customs duties—­setting aside their proceeds, however, for the payment of the soldiers stationed in the islands—­except those on food and military supplies.  Appointments and encomiendas must be given to old citizens, or to soldiers who have done actual service; and a list of persons who are to be rewarded for their services is furnished to the new governor.  Workmen are to be paid at Manila, not, as heretofore, at Mexico.  Trade with Mexico is restricted to the inhabitants of the Philippines.  The question whether the Chinese