Outside of this city and the above-mentioned villages lying within five leagues of it, there are seven well-populated provinces in this same island of Luzon—­namely, Panpanga, Pangasinan, Ylocos, Cagayan, Camarines, La Laguna, and Bonbon y Balayan.  These include three Spanish settlements—­namely, Camarines, Ylocos, and Cagayan, and have the following number of tributarios [i.e., Indians paying tribute] and encomiendas.

The province of Panpanga

The province of Panpanga has twenty-two thousand tributarios, of whom seven thousand belong to his Majesty, and fifteen thousand are apportioned among eleven encomiendas.  There are eight houses of the religious of St. Augustine, and one house of St. Francis, in which are sixteen Augustinian priests and one Franciscan.  In another house is a Dominican, who is a coadjutor of the bishop.  All together, there are eighteen priests.  In order that sufficient instruction be given in this province, twenty-six more priests are needed; because, at the very least, a thousand tributarios means four thousand people, who require two religious—­and in this ratio throughout the islands, where, it is believed, there will be a great increase of people and of their instruction.  This province has an alcalde-mayor, and needs two corregidors.

This province is fifteen leagues in circuit, and is situated, at the very most, a like distance from this city.  Between this province and that of Pangasinan, which is adjacent to it, there are three thousand Indians apportioned between two encomiendas; they are Canbales, and many of them are pacified.  Living at a distance of twenty-five or thirty leagues from this city are more than three thousand others of this same race—­brave mountaineers—­still to be pacified; and we have not the wherewithal to send twenty soldiers for that purpose.  This entire population is without instruction.  It needs six ministers.

The province of Pangassinan

The province of Pangassinan has five thousand tributarios, pacified, but without instruction.  It is forty leagues’ distance from this city, by either land or sea.  His Majesty possesses one thousand five hundred of its tributarios, and the rest are held by five encomenderos.  It has one alcalde-mayor.  Ten religious are necessary.

The province of Ylocos

Five leagues beyond Pangasinan, by either land or sea, begins the province of Ylocos, which is inhabited for forty leagues inland.  It has twenty-seven thousand tributarios.  Of these the king has six thousand, and twenty-one thousand are in fourteen encomiendas.  There are three Augustinian religious in two houses or districts, and two ecclesiastics in two others.  Fifty others are needed.  There is a considerable population of mountaineers who recognize no master.  This province has an alcalde-mayor, and the [Spanish] population of a small town.

The province of Cagayan