“One thing I remembers hearin’ my folks talk bout.  They had a leader hoeing cotton.  His name was John.  He was a fast hand.  He hoe one row a piece and reach over and hoe the other.  He’d get way ahead of the other hands.  If they didn’t keep up they get a whoopin.  So he rest till they ketch up.  Once he hoed up to a tree—­big shade tree out in the field.  He stuck his hoe in the root of the tree and a moccasin bit him bout that time.  It bit him right on the toe.  They took him up to the house but he died.

“I was born close to Des Arc and Hickory Plains.  My parents was Henry and Fannie Ford.  Her master was named Powell and his master was named Frank Ford.  I was the oldest ’mong six boys and four girls.  My folks didn’t git nuthing.  I don’t think they expected freedom much.  They heard they goiner be free and knowed they was fightin’.  They didn’t know what freedom be like.  When they was set free at DeValls Bluff they signed up.  They went back and went on farmin’ lack nothin’ ever happened.  That what I heard em say when I was small boy.

“I voted—­Republican ticket, I believe.  If I vote that what I vote.  I reckon the women ought to vote.  I still vote that is if I sees fit to vote.

“My father run from the soldiers.  He didn’t go to the war as I ever knowd of.

“I been farmin’ all my life till I got so nocount I ain’t able to do nothin’ no more.  I worked on the section bout six months.  I worked some off an on at the veneer mill till it shut down.  I does a little janitor work now and the Welfare help me a little.

“The present conditions good if a fellow able to pick cotton but if they run through with it times be hard in the heart of the winter cause they cain’t git no credit.  Times is hard for old folks.”

Interviewer:  Samuel S. Taylor
Person interviewed:  Judia Fortenberry
                    712 Arch Street, Little Rock, Arkansas
Age:  75
Occupation:  Field hand
[May 21 1938]

[HW:  Slaves Allowed to Visit]

“I was born three miles west of Hamburg in Ashley County, Arkansas, in the year 1859, in the month of October.  I don’t know just what day of the month it was.

“My mother was named Indiana Simms and my father was named Burrell Simms.  My father’s mother was named Ony Simms, and my mother’s mother was named Maria Young.  I don’t know what the names of their parents was.

“My mother’s master was named Robert Tucker.  My father’s master was named Hartwell Simms.  Their plantations were pretty close together, but I don’t know how my father and my mother got together.  I guess they just happened to meet up with each other.  The slaves from the two plantations were allowed to visit one another.  After their marriage, the two continued to belong to different masters.  Every Sunday, they would visit one another.  My father used to come to visit his wife every Sunday and through the week at night.