“Mr. Ernest Harper of Little Rock takes out truckloads of black folks to work on his place in the country every day.  They can get work that way if they can work.”

Interviewer:  Bernice Bowden
Person interviewed:  “Wash” Dukes
                    2217 E. Barraque
                    Pine Bluff, Ark. 
Age:  83

“Yes’m, Wash Dukes is my name.  My mother liked Washington so well, she named me General Washington Dukes, but I said my name was Wash Dukes.  I’m the oldest one and I’m still here.  Me?  I was born in the state of Georgia, Howson County.  Perry, Georgia was my closest place.  I was born and raised on the Riggins place.  I was born in 1855, you understand.  The first day of March is my birthday.  We had it on the Bible, four boys and four girls, and I was the oldest.  House caught fire and burned up the Bible, but I always say I’m as old as a hoss.

“I can’t see as good as I used to—­gettin’ too old, I reckon.

“Old master and mistis was good to us.

“My mother plowed just like a man.  Had a little black mule named Mollie and wore these big old leggins come up to her knee.

“Old master was a long tall man with black hair.

“You know I was here cause I remember when Lincoln was elected president.  He run against George Washington.

“I seen the Yankees but I never talked to em.  I was scared of em.  Had them muskets with a spear on the end.  They give my uncle a hoss.  When it thundered and lightninged that old hoss started to dance—­thought twas a battle.  And when he come to a fence, just jump right over with me on him.  I say, ‘Where you get that hoss?’ and uncle say, ’Yankees give him to me.’

“I know one time they was a fellow come by there walkin’.  I guess they shot his hoss.  He had plenty money.  I tried to get him to give me some but he wouldn’t give me a bit.

“At Oglethorpe they had a place where they kep the prisoners.  They was a little stream run through it and the Rebels pizened it and killed a lot of em.

“I was so crazy when I was young.  I know one time mama sent me to town to get a dress pattern—­ten yards.  She say, ’Now, Wash, when you go across that bottom, you’ll hear somethin’ sounds like somebody dyin’, but you just go on, it won’t hurt you.’  But I say, ‘I won’t hear it.’  I went through there so fast and come back, mama say, ’You done been to town already?’ I said, ‘Yes, here’s your dress pattern.’  I went through there ninety to nothin’.  I went so fast my heart hurt me.

“In slave times I remember if you wanted to go to another plantation you had to have a pass.  Paddyrollers nearly got me one night.  I was on a hoss.  They was shootin’ at me.  I know the hoss was just stretched out and I was layin’ right down on his neck.

“I stayed in Georgia till ’74.  I heared em say the cotton grow so big here in Arkansas you could sit on a limb and eat dinner.  I know when I got here they was havin’ that Brooks-Baxter war in Little Rock.  I say, ‘Press me into the war.’  Man say, ‘I ain’t goin’ press no boys.’  I say, ‘Give me a gun, I can kill em.’  I wanted to fight.