the corsairs, who followed him up to Al-Burdon, where his summer palace was situated.  Hamid, finding that his people were everywhere in revolt, fled to the Goletta, carrying with him a quantity of money, jewels, and portable valuables, and placed himself under the protection of the Spanish garrison—­not, however, without the loss of the major portion of his baggage, plundered from him by certain Moors in the course of his flight.

Like Kheyr-ed-Din Barbarossa, Ali was now lord of Algiers and Tunis, and as he was, for a corsair, a man of wide views, he treated his new subjects with consideration.  He made, however, one curious mistake not to have been expected from one so politic:  he demanded tribute from the tribes of the hinterland.  In those days, particularly in Northern Africa, men paid tribute to an overlord because he was stronger than they; because retribution followed swiftly and suddenly upon refusal.  To order tribute to be paid without being ready to strike was merely to expose the man making the demand to derision.  Particularly was this the case with the fierce land-pirates of the desert, whose habit it was to exact and not to pay tribute.  To Ali the Sheiks replied that “if he wanted tribute from them he must demand it lance in hand in the field, for there and nowhere else were they accustomed to pay:  that their coin was steel lance-heads and not golden aspers.”  After this, says Morgan, “the Basha thought it well to dissemble.”

Ali, being in no position to wage war in the desert against these people, had to swallow the insult and to turn his attention to regulating the internal affairs of his newly acquired kingdom.  This he succeeded in doing sufficiently by the month of June in the following year to enable him to leave Tunis in the hands of one Rabadan, a Sardinian renegado, and to start himself for Constantinople.  His reason for doing this was the old one of attempting to consolidate his power in Northern Africa by appealing to the Sultan for help.  As long as the Goletta remained in the hands of the Spaniards no corsair could feel himself secure in either Tunis or Algiers.  The object of Ali was to beg from the Grand Turk men and ships to assist him to chase the Spaniards out of Africa.

The month of June 1570, in consequence, saw Ali once more at sea in his “Admiral galley,” steering northwards to the Golden Horn.  Carrying with them a favourable breeze from the south-east, the galleys spread their huge lateen sails, and the straining rowers had rest awhile.  The squadron consisted of twenty-four galleys.  Off Cape Passaro, in Sicily, a small vessel was captured which gave information that five galleys of the Knights of Malta were at anchor at Licata, a small harbour in the neighbourhood, and that they were on the point of sailing for Malta.  The decision of Ali was taken on the instant:  were he to go in and attack them with the overwhelming force at his command the crews might escape to the shore; even the Knights of Malta could hardly be expected to fight twenty-four galleys with five.  He was anxious to capture the ships, but above all to capture those by whom they were manned:  to have the satisfactory revenge of seeing the proud Knights stripped naked and chained to the benches of his own fleet.