Palestine, the Kalirian Piyut in, 85.
  the Maimon family in, 135.
  explored, 204-205.
  open to Jews, 205-206.

Parables, in the Midrash, 60-64.
  examples of, 62, 63.

Parallelism of line, in the Scriptures, 108.

Passover, hymn for, 86.

“Path of Life, The,” part of the Shulchan Aruch, 239, 240.

“Path of the Upright, The,” by Moses Chayim Luzzatto, 193.

Penso, Joseph Felix, dramatist, 246.

Pentateuch, the, translated, 27, 247, 258.
  as viewed by Meir, 27.
  commentary on, 166-168, 230.
  See also Scriptures, the.

Perakim, chapters of the Mishnah, 31.

Perez of Corbeil, Tossafist, 161.

“Perfection,” by David Kimchi, 117.

Persia, the Jews of, independent, 72.
  See also Babylonia.

Pesikta, a Midrashic work, 58.

Petachiah of Ratisbon, traveller, 204.

“Phaedo, or the Immortality of the Soul,” by Mendelssohn, 257.

Philo, on Judaism, 38.

Philosophy, Jewish, created by Saadiah, 91, 95.

Pico di Mirandola, and the Kabbala, 174.

Piyut, the, characteristics of, 83-84.
  two types of, 84-85. 
  Kalirian, 85. 
  Spanish, 85.
  creator of, 85-86.
  by Samuel Ibn Nagdela, 105.
  in Italy, 186.

Poetry. See New-Hebrew poetry; Piyut.

Poland, the Kalirian Piyut in, 85.

Porphyry, on the Book of Daniel, 48.

Prayer-Book, the, compiled by Amram, 70.
  arranged by Saadiah, 95.

Prester John, Eldad on, 203.

“Prince and Nazirite,” by Abraham Ibn Chisdai, 154-155.

Provence, the Spanish Piyut in, 85. 
  Jewish learning in, 146.

Proverbs, in the Midrash, 59-60.
  quoted, 59.

Psalms, the, and new-Hebrew poetry, 104-105, 108.
  mysticism in, 169, 170.

Ptolemy, works of, translated, 149, 185.

Pumbeditha, centre of Jewish learning, 44, 72.

“Purim Tractate, The,” by Kalonymos, 185-186.

Pygmies, the, discovered by Tobiah Cohen, 209.

“Questions and Answers,” decisions, 73.

Rab. See Abba Areka.

Rabba, the son of Nachmani, Amora, 51.

Rabbi. See Judah the Prince.

Rabbinical schools, in Babylonia, 44.

Rabina, Amora, compiler of the Talmud, 51, 52.

Ralbag. See Levi, the son of Gershon.

Ramban. See Nachmanides, Moses.

Rashbam. See Samuel ben Meir.

Rashi (R.  Shelomo Izchaki), importance of, 119.
  style of, 119-120.
  characteristics of, 120-121.
  life of, 122.
  as an exegete, 123-124.
  descendants of, 124, 161.

Rava, Amora, 51.

Rembrandt, friend of Manasseh ben Israel, 245.

Renaissance, the, and Italian Jewish literature, 178, 182, 184, 187.