The Man who has Mental Consciousness not only “feels” or “senses” things, but he has words or mental concepts of these feelings and sensations and may think of himself as experiencing them, separating himself, the sensation or feeling, and the thing felt or sensed.  The man is able to think:  “I feel; I hear; I see; I smell; I taste; I desire; I do,” etc., etc.  The very words indicate Mental Consciousness recognizing mental states and giving them names, and also recognizing something called “I” that experiences the sensations.  This latter fact has caused psychologists to speak of this stage as “Self-consciousness,” but we reserve this idea of the “I” consciousness for a higher stage.

The animal experiences something that gives it the impressions or feeling that we call “pain,” “hurt,” “pleasant,” “sweet,” “bitter,” etc., all being forms of sensation, but it is unable to think of them in words.  The pain seems to be a part of itself, although possibly associated with some person or thing that caused it.  The study of the unfoldment of consciousness in a young baby will give one a far better idea of the grades and distinctions than can be obtained from reading mere words.

Mental Consciousness is a growth.  As Halleck says, “Many persons never have more than a misty idea of such a mental attitude.  They always take themselves for granted, and never turn the gaze inward.”  It has been doubted whether the savages have developed Self-consciousness, and even many men of our own race seem to be but little above the animals in intellect and consciousness.  They do not seem able to “know themselves” even slightly.  To them the “I” seems to be a purely physical thing—­a body having desires and feeling but little more.  They are able to feel an act, but scarcely more.  They are not able to set aside any physical “not—­I,” being utterly unable to think of themselves as anything else but a Body.  The “I” and the Body are one with them, and they seem incapable of distinguishing between them.

Then comes another stage in which mental-consciousness proper sets in.  The man begins to realize that he has “a mind.”  He is able to “know himself” as a mental being, and to turn the gaze inward a little.  This period of development may be noticed in young children.  For a time they speak of themselves as a third person, until finally they begin to say “I.”  Then a little later comes the ability to know their own mental states as such—­they know that they have a mind, and are able to distinguish between it and the body.  It is related that some children experience a feeling of terror when they pass into this stage.  They exhibit signs of bashfulness and what is commonly termed “self-consciousness” in that sense.  Some tell us in after years that when they became aware of themselves as an entity they were overcome with alarm, as if by a sense of loneliness and apartness from the Universe.  Young people often feel this way for several years.  There seems to be a distinct feeling that the Universe is antagonistic to and set apart from them.