[12] Jefferson’s Works, VI, 484.

[13] This statement is based on the provisions of the first State constitutions.  See Thorpe’s “Charters and Constitutions.”

[14] Grigsby, “Convention of 1788,” 15, 49.

[15] The people living near the coast desired reform under British rule.  The frontiersmen had to win them to the movement.  A certain Scotch-Irish element in the Carolinas was an exception to this rule in that they at first supported the British.

[16] The letters and speeches of most of the Revolutionary leaders show that they favored some kind of abolition.  Among the most outspoken were James Otis, John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, and John Laurens.  See also Schoepf, “Travels in the Confederation,” 149; and Brissot de Warville, “New Travels,” I, 220.

[17] See the various State constitutions in Thorpe’s “Charters and Constitutions.”

[18] Ibid.

[19] Foote, “Sketches of Virginia,” 85.

[20] Hart, “Slavery and Abolition,” 73; Olmsted, “The Back Country,” 230-232. Berea Quarterly, IX, No. 3.

[21] See the Speeches of the Western members of the Virginia Convention of 1829-30, Proceedings and Debates of the Convention of 1829-30.

[22] This is proved by the reports and records of the anti-slavery societies and especially by those of the American Convention of Abolition Societies.  During the thirties and forties the southern societies ceased to make reports.  See Adams, “A Neglected Period of Anti-Slavery,” 117.

[23] The vote on the aristocratic constitution framed in 1829-30 shows this.  See Proceedings and Debates of the Convention of 1829-30, p. 903.

[24] Proceedings and Debates of the Convention of 1829-30, p. 226.

[25] Thorpe, “Charters and Constitutions, South Carolina.”

[26] Proceedings and Debates of the Convention of 1829-30, pp. 53, 76, 442, 858.

[27] See Calhoun’s Works:  “A Disquisition on Government,” p. 1 et seq.

[28] Adams, “Neglected Period of Anti-Slavery,” 138.

[29] Ibid., 34.

[30] Bassett, “Anti-Slavery Leaders of North Carolina,” 72.

[31] Adams, “Anti-Slavery, etc.,” 100-101.

[32] Speech of David Rice in the Constitutional Convention of Kentucky, 1792.

[33] Birney, “James G. Birney,” 96-100.

[34] Reports of the American Convention of Abolition Societies, 1809 and 1823.

[35] Birney, “James G. Birney,” 70.

[36] Adams, “The Neglected Period of Anti-Slavery in America,” 129-130.  Annals of Congress, 17th Congress, 1st ses., 2d ses., 18th Cong., 1st ses.

[37] Ibid., 20.

[38] “The Genius of Universal Emancipation,” 11. 35.

[39] Ibid., 10. 145.

[40] See Proceedings of the American Convention of Abolition Societies.

[41] Adams, “The Neglected Period of Anti-Slavery,” 132.