by worms, and is used for facing wharves.  It was employed to protect Fort Moultrie in 1776, when bombarded by the British fleet; and the cannon-balls were buried in its spongy substance.  The moss (tillandsia usneoides) served to calk the rude vessel of the first French colonists, longing for home.  It may be used for bedding after its life has been killed by boiling water, and for the subsistence of cattle when destitute of other food.  The cassena is a powerful diuretic.

The game and fish, which are both abundant and of desirable kinds, and to the pursuit of which the planters were much addicted, are described in Eliot’s book.  Russell’s “Diary” may also be consulted in relation to fishing for devil and drum.

The best dwellings in Beaufort are capacious, with a piazza on the first and second stories, through each of which runs a large hall to admit a free circulation of air.  Only one, however, appeared to have been built under the supervision of a professional architect.  Those on the plantations, designed for the planters or overseers, were, with a few exceptions, of a very mean character, and a thriving mechanic in New England would turn his back on them as unfit to live in.  Their yards are without turf, having as their best feature a neighboring grove of orange-trees.  One or two dwellings only appear to be ancient.  Indeed, they are not well enough built to last long.  The estates upon Edisto Island are of a more patrician character, and are occasionally surrounded by spacious flower-gardens and ornamental trees fancifully trimmed.

The names of the planters indicated mainly an English origin, although some may be traced to Huguenot families who sought a refuge here from the religious persecutions of France.

The deserted houses were generally found strewn with religious periodicals, mainly Baptist magazines.  This characteristic of Southern life has been elsewhere observed in the progress of our army.  Occasionally some book denouncing slavery as criminal and ruinous was found among those left behind.  One of these was Hewatt’s history of South Carolina, published in 1779, and reprinted in Carroll’s collection.  Another was Gregoire’s vindication of the negro race and tribute to its distinguished examples, translated by Warden in 1810.  These people seem, indeed, to have had light enough to see the infinite wrong of the system, and it is difficult to believe them entirely sincere in their passionate defence of it.  Their very violence, when the moral basis of slavery is assailed, seems to be that of a man who distrusts the rightfulness of his daily conduct, has resolved to persist in it, and therefore hates most of all the prophet who comes to confront him for his misdeeds, and, if need be, to publish them to mankind.