But since the perfection of blessedness consists in the knowledge of God, He has been pleased not only to deposit in our minds the seed of religion, of which we have already spoken, but so to manifest His perfections in the whole structure of the universe, and daily place Himself in our view, that we cannot open our eyes without being compelled to behold Him.  His essence is, indeed, transcendent and incomparable, but on each of His works His glory is engraven in characters so bright that none, however dull and illiterate, can plead ignorance as an excuse.

Herein appears the shameful ingratitude of men, that, though they have in their own persons a factory where countless operations of God are carried on, instead of praising Him, they are the more inflated with pride.  How few are there among us who, in lifting our eyes to the heavens, or looking abroad on the earth, ever think of the Creator!  In vain, because of our dulness, does creation exhibit so many bright lamps lit up to show forth the glory of its Author.  Therefore, another and better help must be given to guide us properly to God as our Creator, and He has added the light of His Word in order to make known His salvation.

Here it seems proper to make some observations on the authority of Scripture.  Nothing can be more absurd than the fiction that the power of judging Scripture is in the Church.  When the Church gives it the stamp of her authority, she does not thus make it authentic, but shows her reverence for it as the truth of God by her unhesitating assent.  Scripture bears, on the face of it, as clear evidence of its truth as black and white do of their colour, sweet and bitter of their taste.  It is preposterous to attempt, by discussion, to rear up a full faith in Scripture.  Those who are inwardly taught by the Holy Spirit acquiesce in it implicitly, for it carries with it its own testimony.

It is foolish to attempt to prove to infidels that the Scripture is the Word of God.  For it cannot be known to be, except by faith.  Justly does Augustine remind us that every man who would have any understanding in such high matters must previously possess piety and mental peace.  In order to direct us to the true God, the Scripture excludes all the gods of the heathen.  This exclusiveness annihilates every deity which men frame for themselves, of their own accord.  Whence had idols their origin, but from the will of man?

There was thus ground for the sarcasm of the heathen poet (Horace, Satires, I.8).  “I was once the trunk of a fig-tree, a useless log, when the tradesman, uncertain whether he should make me a stool, etc., chose rather that I should be a god.”  In regard to the origin of idols, the statement of the Book of Wisdom has been received with almost universal consent, that they originated with those who bestowed this honour on the dead, from a superstitious regard to their memory.

II.—­THE GRACE OF CHRIST THE REDEEMER