No doubt he learnt to read and write according to the Eastern method; but it is doubtful if he understood the Hebrew writings in their original tongue.  His biographers make him cite translations in the Aramean language.  Nevertheless, it would be a great error to imagine that Jesus was what we should call an ignorant man.  Refinement of manners and acuteness of intellect have, in the East, nothing in common with what we call education.  In all probability Jesus did not know Greek.  His mother tongue was the Syrian dialect, mingled with Hebrew.  No element of secular teaching reached him.  He was ignorant of all beyond Judaism; his mind kept that free innocence which an extended and varied culture always weakens.  Happily, he was also ignorant of the grotesque scholasticism which was taught at Jerusalem, and which was soon to constitute the Talmud.  The reading of the books of the Old Testament made a deep impression on him, especially the book of Daniel, and the religious poetry of the Psalms was in marvellous accordance with his lyrical soul, and all his life was his sustenance and support.  That he had no knowledge of the general state of the world is evident from every feature of his most authentic discourses, and he never conceived of aristocratic society, save as a young villager who sees the world through the prism of his simplicity.  Although born at a time when the principles of positive science had already been proclaimed, he lived in entirely supernatural ideas.  To him the marvellous was not the exceptional but the normal statf of things, since to him the whole course of things was the result of the free-will of the Deity.  This led to a profound conception of the close relations of man with God.

IDYLLIC SURROUNDINGS

A mighty dream haunted the Jewish people for centuries, constantly renewing its youth.  Judaea believed that she possessed divine promises of a boundless future.  In combination with the belief in the Messiah and the doctrine of an approaching renewal of all things, the dogma of the resurrection had emerged and produced a great fermentation from one end of the Jewish world to the other.  Jesus, as soon as he had any thought of his own, entered into the burning atmosphere created in Palestine by these ideas, and his soul was soon filled with them.  A beautiful natural environment imprinted a charming and idyllic character on all the dreams of Galilee.  During the months of March and April that green, shady, smiling land is a carpet of flowers of an incomparable variety of colours.  The animals are small and extremely gentle—­delicate and playful turtle-doves, blackbirds so light that they rest on a blade of grass without bending it, tufted larks which almost venture under the feet of the traveller, little river-tortoises with mild bright eyes, storks of gravely modest mien, which, casting aside all timidity, allow men to come quite near them, and indeed seem to invite his approach.  In no country in the world do the mountains extend