[70] The Spanish word is moldes; this sentence regarding the art of printing in China is not in the Sevilla MS. Gonzalez de Mendoza gives an interesting account in his Hist. gran China (Madrigal edition, Madrid, 1586), part i, book iii, ch. xvi, fol. 87-87b; he says that the Chinese understood and used the art of printing more than five hundred years before Gutenberg.  He supposes that this invention was carried to Germany via Russia and Muscovy, or by way of the Red Sea and Arabia.  The Augustinian Herrada and his associates took to the Philippines a great many books, “printed in various parts of that kingdom [China], but mostly in the province of Ochian [the former province of Hu-Kwang, now forming the two provinces of Hou-Nan and Hou-Pe] ... for therein were bookshops of the largest size,” where books were sold at low prices.  In ch. xvii (fol. 89-91), Mendoza enumerates the subjects treated in the books procured by Herrada; they included history, statistics, geography, law, medicine, religion, etc.  See also Park’s translation of Mendoza (Hakluyt Society, London, 1853), vol. i, pp. 131-137, and editorial note thereon regarding antiquity of printing in China.

[71] See the Treaty of Zaragoza, Vol.  I, pp. 222-239.

[72] The term Moros ("Moors”) was applied by the Spaniards and Portuguese to these Malayans, simply because they were, at least nominally, Mahometans.  Their residence was mainly in the islands of Mindanao, Jolo, Paragua, and Balabac.  Most of them were pirates, who for centuries harassed not only the Spanish settlements, but those of the Filipinos.

[73] A note by the editor of Cartas de Indias says:  “The documents here named do not accompany this letter.”

[74] This document is presented in both Spanish text and English translation.

[75] The latter part only of this document is here presented; for somewhat more than half of it is practically a duplicate of Legazpi’s Relation of 1570—­which see (ante, pp. 108-112), with footnotes indicating all important variations therefrom found in the first half of the Mirandaola letter.  The part appearing here is matter additional to the Legazpi Relation.

[76] For localities in which gold is found in the Philippines, see Philippine Gazetteer, pp. 83, 84.  See also Combes’s Hist. de Mindanao, lib. 1, cap. iv, with Retana’s note thereon, col. 787; in the note is information apparently obtained from this document of our text.

[77] The viceroy of New Spain, Martin Enriquez, makes the following interesting comments on the Chinese trade with the Philippines, in a letter to the king dated January 9, 1574:  “Since I wrote to your Majesty by the despatch ship, I have seen some of the articles which have been received in barter from the Chinese; and I consider the whole thing as a waste of effort, and a losing rather than a profitable business.  For all they bring are a few silks of