[51] The table of weights to which the marco belongs is as follows:  12 granos = 1 tomin; 3 tomines = 1 adarme; 2 adarmes = 1 ochava or dracma; 8 ochavas = 1 onza; 8 onzas = 1 marco; 2 marcos = 1 libra (= 1.016097 United States pounds).

[52] Encomenderos:  persons to whom repartimientos or encomiendas were granted (see Vol.  II, note 18).

[53] The name first given to the present city of Cebu, on the island of that name.  Another early name was San Miguel, given because the settlement was founded on St. Michael’s day.

[54] Bound with this MS. is an abstract of the same, evidently made for the royal council by some secretary.  In the margin are noted, opposite the various points, instructions for the governor of the islands.  In reply to this letter Lavezaris is to be thanked for his care, and exhorted to continue it.  The licentiate Francisco de Sande is about to go from New Spain to the Philippines, to take account of Legazpi’s administration and to act as governor.  The king is advised to reward Lavezaris, and suitable rewards should be given to Martin de Goiti and Juan de Salcedo.  Sande is to be instructed to accord good treatment to the Chinese, in order to invite their trade and win them to the faith.  Peace and friendship must be maintained with the Portuguese.  The lists of encomiendas granted by Legazpi and Lavezaris, with full information regarding them, must be sent to the government.  Sande should be instructed to do what he considers best, in regard to the appointment of regidores.

[55] Regarding the authorship of this document, see Bibliographical Data.  In its presentation here, we have interpolated in brackets the additional matter found in the Sevilla copy; and likewise words which alter the sense, prefixing to these “S:”, to indicate the different reading of the Sevilla document.  Matter in the Madrid copy which would give a different meaning from that at Sevilla is indicated by “M:”.  The title of the latter is:  “Relation of the Western Islands, and the route thither from Nueva Espana.”

[56] The brisa is the north, northeast, or east wind, the vendaval the south or southwest wind.  The observations made for a considerable period at the Jesuit observatory in Manila indicate the main prevalence of winds as follows:  north and northeast, November to January, inclusive; east, February to April; south and southwest, May to October.  See Algue’s account of these winds, in his Archipielago Filipino, vol. ii, ch. iv; also (with additional observations, and citations from other authorities) in Report of the Philippine Commission, 1900, vol. iv, pp. 227-256.  In these is discussed the question whether these prevalent winds can be properly termed monsoons.

[57] Probably some of the Marshall Islands.

[58] The Chinese tael (weight) is equivalent to 1 1-3 United States ounces avoirdupois.  The mace (masse) is one-tenth of the tael, and equals 60.42 grains.  These terms are also applied to moneys of account in Chinese trade.