lies south of Kwang-Tung.  Conce (also, by early writers, spelled Cansay) was later known as Khing-Sai (or Kingsze)—­the modern Hang-Chau (Hang-Chow-Foo) in the province of Che-Kiang.  Onan is probably Ho-Nan, in province of same name.  Nanquin (Nanking) is the capital of Kiang-Su province; and Paquin is the modern Peking, capital (as then) of the Chinese Empire.  Fuchu (Fu-Chau, or Foo-Choo) is in the province of Fo-Kien.  Cencay is probably the modern Shang-Hai, in the province of Kiang-Su.  Sisuan, Lintam, and Ucau cannot be satisfactorily identified.  The name Lequeios, which occurs elsewhere in this volume, refers to the Luchu (Liu-Kiu, or Loo-Choo) group, which lies between Japan and Formosa.  For early accounts of China, its people, and its commerce, see Henry Yule’s Cathay and the Way Thither (Hakluyt Society, London, 1866).  See pp. xli, xlii of that work for interesting citation regarding the civilization and excellent character and reputation of the Chinese people.

[8] Gaston de Peralta, Marquis de Falces, was the third viceroy of New Spain; he arrived at Mexico on October 16, 1566.  Incurring the hostility of the Audiencia, he was removed from his office, and returned to Spain in March, 1569.

[9] The document here referred to will be found directly following this letter of Legazpi.

[10] Diego de Herrera was born at Recas, Spain, and entered the Augustinian order in 1545.  He was in Mexico when Legazpi’s expedition was organized, and accompanied Urdaneta therein, as a missionary to the heathen beyond the sea.  When the latter returned to Mexico, he left Herrera as prior of his brethren; and in 1569 Herrera became superior of the mission, with the rank of provincial.  He immediately went to Mexico, and brought back reenforcements of friars to the Philippines.  For the same purpose, he went to Spain in 1573; returning thence with missionaries, they were wrecked on the coast of Luzon, where they all were slain by the natives (April 25, 1576).

[11] Martin de Rada (Herrada) also went with Legazpi to the Philippines, from Mexico.  He was born at Pamplona, July 20, 1533, and at the age of twenty became an Augustinian friar; he was noted for his mathematical and linguistic ability.  In 1572, he was provincial of his order in the Philippines, and was sent as ambassador twice to China and once to Borneo.  On his return voyage from this latter mission, he died at sea, in the month of June, 1578.

[12] At this point may be presented some additional matter, obtained from a document (also in the Sevilla Archivo general) which purports to be a letter from Mirandaola to the king, but dated June 8, 1574.  He has apparently incorporated therein the greater part of the Legazpi relation of 1569 which is presented in our text—­adding thereto some interesting details.  At this point, he enumerates the kinds of food used by the natives—­“namely rice, millet, borona [a grain, also called mijo,