Up to this time the natives have not been injured,
nor are they now injured, by paying the tribute which
is imposed upon them, because it is so moderate that
they can pay it without any labor. For by breeding
four fowls under their houses every year (which can
be done without any cost), they can pay their tribute,
over and above which they have many advantages and
profits. Now more than ever, with the stay of
the Spaniards in these regions, they have established
and increased their trade, and they continue to increase
it every day. The “Opinion” states
that the encomenderos can be supported with the one
maes that each Indian gives every year. It is
very certain that no one can be supported on so small
a tribute, because there are many encomenderos who
cannot be supported on a tribute of three maes, and
they live in great poverty, through having so few Indians.
One of these encomenderos has for his share less than
three hundred Indians, and many five and six hundred,
and as very few have over a thousand, especially are
they in need where goods are so dear and gold is valued
so slightly. A pair of shoes is worth a half-tael
of gold, which would be the tribute of eight Indians.
A shirt is worth six pesos, and so on; all other Castilian
articles are worth double their price in Nueva Espana.
Then, if the Indians here should pay every year two
reals (the equivalent of one maez) as tribute, one
could not live here by any means, especially since
the natives are so rich, and have so many profits
and sources of gain, and are more rich in lands than
those of Nueva Espana. They have a great deal
of cloth with which to clothe themselves; many silken
fabrics worked with gold, greatly esteemed and of
high value; many porcelains and fine earthenware jars;
lances, daggers, bells, and vases; and many adornments
for their persons, of which they make use. They
also have great quantities of provisions, which they
gather every year from their irrigated lands; palm
wine, and wine of the nipa palm, which they collect
ordinarily every day during the whole year and many
other wines, made from rice or cane—to say
nothing of the great profits they make from wax and
gold, which are ordinarily produced in all the islands.
There is a great deal of cotton, which they work and
spin, and make into fine cloths; these are very valuable
to the Indians in their trade. The Chinese bring
them many silks, porcelains, and perfumes; with iron
and other articles, from which they make great profits.
For all this and many other reasons and causes, which
are well known everywhere, the said natives can pay
the tribute which is imposed upon them, and much more,
without any difficulty. If some natives in some
of the villages decamp in order to avoid paying the
tribute, as is stated in the “Opinion,”
it is not on account of any lack of means, but because
the natives are spirited, and make it a point of honor
to pay the tribute only when forced. They like
to be compelled to do so. This is not the case