in 1894 on the subject of “Undue Introduction of Western Ways.”  “In the centre of the village,” he remarked in quoting a typical case (and referring not to Fiji but to Tonga), “is the church, a wooden barn-like building.  If the day be Sunday, we shall find the native minister arrayed in a greenish-black swallow-tail coat, a neckcloth, once white, and a pair of spectacles, which he probably does not need, preaching to a congregation, the male portion of which is dressed in much the same manner as himself, while the women are dizened out in old battered hats or bonnets, and shapeless gowns like bathing dresses, or it may be in crinolines of an early type.  Chiefs of influence and women of high birth, who in their native dress would look, and do look, the ladies and gentlemen they are, are, by their Sunday finery, given the appearance of attendants upon Jack-in-the-Green.  If a visit be paid to the houses of the town, after the morning’s work of the people is over, the family will be found sitting on chairs, listless and uncomfortable, in a room full of litter.  In the houses of the superior native clergy there will be a yet greater aping of the manners of the West.  There will be chairs covered with hideous antimacassars, tasteless round worsted-work mats for absent flower jars, and a lot of ugly cheap and vulgar china chimney ornaments, which, there being no fireplace, and consequently no chimney-piece, are set out in order on a rickety deal table.  The whole life of these village folk is one piece of unreal acting.  They are continually asking themselves whether they are incurring any of the penalties entailed by infraction of the long table of prohibitions, and whether they are living up to the foreign garments they wear.  Their faces have, for the most part, an expression of sullen discontent, they move about silently and joylessly, rebels in heart to the restrictive code on them, but which they fear to cast off, partly from a vague apprehension of possible secular results, and partly because they suppose they will cease to be good Christians if they do so.  They have good ground for their dissatisfaction.  At the time when I visited the villages I have specially in my eye, it was punishable by fine and imprisonment to wear native clothing, punishable by fine and imprisonment to wear long hair or a garland of flowers; punishable by fine or imprisonment to wrestle or to play at ball; punishable by fine and imprisonment to build a native-fashioned house; punishable not to wear shirt and trousers, and in certain localities coat and shoes also; and, in addition to laws enforcing a strictly puritanical observation of the Sabbath, it was punishable by fine and imprisonment to bathe on Sundays.  In some other places bathing on Sunday was punishable by flogging; and to my knowledge women have been flogged for no other offense.  Men in such circumstances are ripe for revolt, and sometimes the revolt comes.”

An obvious result of reducing the feeling