The fact that it is stress and strain in general, and not necessarily educational studies, that are injurious to adolescent women, is sufficiently proved, if proof is necessary, by the fact that sexual arrest, and physical or nervous breakdown, occur with extreme frequency in girls who work in shops or mills, even in girls who have never been to school at all.  Even excesses in athletics—­which now not infrequently occur as a reaction against woman’s indifference to physical exercise—­are bad.  Cycling is beneficial for women who can ride without pain or discomfort, and, according to Watkins, it is even beneficial in many diseased and disordered pelvic conditions, but excessive cycling is evil in its results on women, more especially by inducing rigidity of the perineum to an extent which may even prevent childbirth and necessitate operation.  I may add that the same objection applies to much horse-riding.  In the same way everything which causes shocks to the body is apt to be dangerous to women, since in the womb they possess a delicately poised organ which varies in weight at different times, and it would, for instance, be impossible to commend football as a game for girls.  “I do not believe,” wrote Miss H. Ballantine, Director of Vassar College Gymnasium, to Prof.  W. Thomas (Sex and Society, p. 22) “women can ever, no matter what the training, approach men in their physical achievements; and,” she wisely adds, “I see no reason why they should.”  There seem, indeed, as has already been indicated, to be reasons why they should not, especially if they look forward to becoming mothers.  I have noticed that women who have lived a very robust and athletic outdoor life, so far from always having the easy confinements which we might anticipate, sometimes have very seriously difficult times, imperilling the life of the child.  On making this observation to a distinguished obstetrician, the late Dr. Engelmann, who was an ardent advocate of physical exercise for women (in e.g. his presidential address, “The Health of the American Girl,” Transactions Southern Surgical and Gynaecological Association, 1890), he replied that he had himself made the same observation, and that instructors in physical training, both in America and England, had also told him of such cases among their pupils.  “I hold,” he wrote, “precisely the opinion you express [as to the unfavorable influence of muscular development in women]. Athletics, i.e., overdone physical training, causes the girl’s system to approximate to the masculine; this is so whether due to sport or necessity.  The woman who indulges in it approximates to the male in her attributes; this is marked in diminished sexual intensity, and in increased difficulty of childbirth, with, in time, lessened fecundity.  Healthy habits improve, but masculine muscular development diminishes, womanly qualities, although it is true that the peasant and the laboring woman have easy labor.  I have never advocated