and this demand, which seems reasonable and natural, since it is a mother’s privilege as well as her duty to suckle her infant when able to do so, has been insistently made by others also.  It has been supported from the legal side by Weinberg (Mutterschutz, Sept., 1907).  In France the Loi Roussel forbids a woman to act as a wet-nurse until her child is seven months old, and this has had an excellent effect in lowering infantile mortality (A.  Allee, Puericulture et la Loi Roussel, These de Paris, 1908).  In some parts of Germany manufacturers are compelled to set up a suckling-room in the factory, where mothers can give the breast to the child in the intervals of work.  The control and upkeep of these rooms, with provision of doctors and nurses, is undertaken by the municipality (Sexual-Probleme, Sept., 1908, p. 573).

As things are to-day in modern industrial countries the righting of these wrongs cannot be left to Nature, that is, to the ignorant and untrained impulses of persons who live in a whirl of artificial life where the voice of instinct is drowned.  The mother, we are accustomed to think, may be trusted to see to the welfare of her child, and it is unnecessary, or even “immoral,” to come to her assistance.  Yet there are few things, I think, more pathetic than the sight of a young Lancashire mother who works in the mills, when she has to stay at home to nurse her sick child.  She is used to rise before day-break to go to the mill; she has scarcely seen her child by the light of the sun, she knows nothing of its necessities, the hands that are so skilful to catch the loom cannot soothe the child.  The mother gazes down at it in vague, awkward, speechless misery.  It is not a sight one can ever forget.

It is France that is taking the lead in the initiation of the scientific and practical movements for the care of the young child before and after birth, and it is in France that we may find the germs of nearly all the methods now becoming adopted for arresting infantile mortality.  The village system of Villiers-le-Duc, near Dijon in the Cote d’Or, has proved a germ of this fruitful kind.  Here every pregnant woman not able to secure the right conditions for her own life and that of the child she is bearing, is able to claim the assistance of the village authorities; she is entitled, without payment, to the attendance of a doctor and midwife and to one franc a day during her confinement.  The measures adopted in this village have practically abolished both maternal and infantile mortality.  A few years ago Dr. Samson Moore, the medical officer of health for Huddersfield, heard of this village, and Mr. Benjamin Broadbent, the Mayor of Huddersfield, visited Villiers-le-Duc.  It was resolved to initiate in Huddersfield a movement for combating infant mortality.  Henceforth arose what is known as the Huddersfield scheme, a scheme which has been fruitful in splendid results.  The points of the Huddersfield scheme are:  (1)