[151] Rudeck (Geschichte der oeffentlichen Sittlichkeit in Deutschland, pp. 26-36) gives many details concerning the important part played by prostitutes and brothels in mediaeval German life.

[152] They are described by Rabutaux, op. cit., pp. 90 et seq.

[153] L’Annee Sociologique, seventh year, 1904, p. 440.

[154] Bloch, Der Ursprung der Syphilis.  As regards the German “Frauenhausen” see Max Bauer, Das Geschlechtsleben in der Deutschen Vergangenheit, pp. 133-214.  In Paris, Dufour states (op. cit., vol. v, Ch.  XXXIV), brothels under the ordinances of St. Louis had many rights which they lost at last in 1560, when they became merely tolerated houses, without statutes, special costumes, or confinement to special streets.

[155] “Cortegiana, hoc est meretrix honesta,” wrote Burchard, the Pope’s Secretary, at the beginning of the sixteenth century, Diarium, ed.  Thuasne, vol. ii, p. 442; other authorities are quoted by Thuasne in a note.

[156] Burchard, Diarium, vol. iii, p. 167.  Thuasne quotes other authorities in confirmation.

[157] The example of Holland, where some large cities have adopted the regulation of prostitution and others have not, is instructive as regards the illusory nature of the advantages of regulation.  In 1883 Dr. Despres brought forward figures, supplied by Dutch officials, showing that in Rotterdam, where prostitution was regulated, both prostitution and venereal diseases were more prevalent than in Amsterdam, a city without regulation (A.  Despres, La Prostitution en France, p. 122).

[158] It was in 1802 that the medical inspection of prostitutes in Paris brothels was introduced, though not until 1825 fully established and made general.

[159] M.L.  Heidingsfeld, “The Control of Prostitution,” Journal American Medical Association, January 30, 1904.

[160] See, e.g., G. Berault, La Maison de Tolerance, These de Paris, 1904.

[161] Thus the circumstances of the English army in India are of a special character.  A number of statements (from the reports of committees, official publications, etc.) regarding the good influence of regulation in reducing venereal diseases in India are brought together by Surgeon-Colonel F.H.  Welch, “The Prevention of Syphilis,” Lancet, August 12, 1899.  The system has been abolished, but only as the result of a popular outcry and not on the question of its merits.

[162] Thus Richard, who accepts regulation and was instructed to report on it for the Paris Municipal Council, would not have girls inscribed as professional prostitutes until they are of age and able to realize what they are binding themselves to (E.  Richard, La Prostitution a Paris, p. 147).  But at that age a large proportion of prostitutes have been practicing their profession for years.

[163] In Germany, where the cure of infected prostitutes under regulation is nearly everywhere compulsory, usually at the cost of the community, it is found that 18 is the average age at which they are affected by syphilis; the average age of prostitutes in brothels is higher than that of those outside, and a much larger proportion have therefore become immune to disease (Blaschko, “Hygiene der Syphilis,” in Weyl’s Handbuch der Hygiene, Bd. ii, p. 62, 1900).