of ostentation, however, so far as it is normal, is held in check by other considerations, and is not, in the strict sense, exhibitionism.  I have observed a full-grown telegraph boy walking across Hampstead Heath with his sexual organs exposed, but immediately he realized that he was seen he concealed them.  The solemnity of exhibitionism at this age finds expression in the climax of the sonnet, “Oraison du Soir,” written at 16 by Rimbaud, whose verse generally is a splendid and insolent manifestation of rank adolescence:—­

        “Doux comme le Seigneur du cedre et des hysopes,
        Je pisse vers les cieux bruns tres haut et tres loin,
        Avec l’assentiment des grands heliotropes.”

        (J.A.  Rimbaud, Oeuvres, p. 68.)

In women, also, there would appear to be traceable a somewhat similar ostentation, though in them it is complicated and largely inhibited by modesty, and at the same time diffused over the body owing to the absence of external sexual organs.  “Primitive woman,” remarks Madame Renooz, “proud of her womanhood, for a long time defended her nakedness which ancient art has always represented.  And in the actual life of the young girl to-day there is a moment when by a secret atavism she feels the pride of her sex, the intuition of her moral superiority, and cannot understand why she must hide its cause.  At this moment, wavering between the laws of Nature and social conventions, she scarcely knows if nakedness should or should not affright her.  A sort of confused atavistic memory recalls to her a period before clothing was known, and reveals to her as a paradisaical ideal the customs of that human epoch.” (Celine Renooz, Psychologie Comparee de l’Homme et de la Femme, p. 85.) It may be added that among primitive peoples, and even among some remote European populations to-day, the exhibition of feminine nudity has sometimes been regarded as a spectacle with religious or magic operation. (Ploss, Das Weib, seventh edition, vol. ii, pp. 663-680; Havelock Ellis, Man and Woman, fourth edition, p. 304.) It is stated by Gopcevic that in the long struggle between the Albanians and the Montenegrians the women of the former people would stand in the front rank and expose themselves by raising their skirts, believing that they would thus insure victory.  As, however, they were shot down, and as, moreover, victory usually fell to the Montenegrians, this custom became discredited. (Quoted by Bloch, Op. cit., Teil II, p. 307.)

With regard to the association, suggested by Stanley Hall, between exhibitionism and an unusual degree of development of the sexual organs, it must be remarked that both extremes—­a very large and a very small penis—­are specially common in exhibitionists.  The prevalence of the small organ is due to an association of exhibitionism with sexual feebleness.  The prevalence of the large organ may be due to the cause suggested