and in coarse-grained natures of either sex it is a normal allurement in its generalized shape, apart from any attraction to the person to whom the organs belong.  In some morbid cases, however, this penis-fetichism may become a fully developed sexual perversion.  A typical case of this kind has been recorded by Howard in the United States.  Mrs. W., aged 39, was married at 20 to a strong, healthy man, but derived no pleasure from coitus, though she received great pleasure from masturbation practiced immediately after coitus, and nine years after marriage she ceased actual coitus, compelling her husband to adopt mutual masturbation.  She would introduce men into the house at all times of the day or night, and after persuading them to expose their persons would retire to her room to masturbate.  The same man never aroused desire more than once.  This desire became so violent and persistent that she would seek out men in all sorts of public places and, having induced them to expose themselves, rapidly retreat to the nearest convenient spot for self-gratification.  She once abstracted a pair of trousers she had seen a man wear and after fondling them experienced the orgasm.  Her husband finally left her, after vainly attempting to have her confined in an asylum.  She was often arrested for her actions, but through the intervention of friends set free again.  She was a highly intelligent woman, and apart from this perversion entirely normal. (W.L.  Howard, “Sexual Perversion,” Alienist and Neurologist, January, 1896.) It is on the existence of a more or less developed penis-fetichism of this kind that the exhibitionist, mostly by an ignorant instinct, relies for the effects he desires to produce.

The exhibitionist is not usually content to produce a mere titillated amusement; he seeks to produce a more powerful effect which must be emotional whether or not it is pleasurable.  A professional man in Strassburg (in a case reported by Hoche[59]) would walk about in the evening in a long cloak, and when he met ladies would suddenly throw his cloak back under a street lamp, or igniting a red-fire match, and thus exhibit his organs.  There was an evident effort—­on the part of a weak, vain, and effeminate man—­to produce a maximum of emotional effect.  The attempt to heighten the emotional shock is also seen in the fact that the exhibitionist frequently chooses a church as the scene of his exploits, not during service, for he always avoids a concourse of people, but perhaps toward evening when there are only a few kneeling women scattered through the edifice.  The church is chosen, often instinctively rather than deliberately, from no impulse to commit a sacrilegious outrage—­which, as a rule, the exhibitionist does not feel his act to be—­but because it really presents the conditions most favorable to the act and the effects desired.  The exhibitionist’s attitude of mind is well illustrated by one of Garnier’s patients who declared that he never wished to be seen