felt as he did about the sexual effects of the naked organs, that he was shocking but at the same time sexually exciting a young girl.  He was thus gratifying himself through the belief that he was causing sexual gratification to an innocent girl.  This man was convicted several times, and was finally declared to be suffering from impulsive insanity. (Schrenck-Notzing, Kriminal-psychologische und Psycho-pathologische Studien, 1902, pp. 50-57.) In another case of Schrenck-Notzing’s, an actor and portrait painter, aged 31, in youth masturbated and was fond of contemplating the images of the sexual organs of both sexes, finding little pleasure in coitus.  At the age of 24, at a bathing establishment, he happened to occupy a compartment next to that occupied by a lady, and when naked he became aware that his neighbor was watching him through a chink in the partition.  This caused him powerful excitement and he was obliged to masturbate.  Ever since he has had an impulse to exhibit his organs and to masturbate in the presence of women.  He believes that the sight of his organs excites the woman (Ib., pp. 57-68).  The presence of masturbation in this case renders it untypical as a case of exhibitionism.  Moll at one time went so far as to assert that when masturbation takes place we are not entitled to admit exhibitionism, (Untersuchungen ueber die Libido Sexualis, bd. i, p. 661), but now accepts exhibitionism with masturbation ("Perverse Sexualempfindung,” Krankheiten und Ehe).  The act of exhibition itself gratifies the sexual impulse, and usually it suffices to replace both tumescence and detumescence.

A fairly typical case, recorded by Krafft-Ebing, is that of a German factory worker of 37, a good, sober and intelligent workman.  His parents were healthy, but one of his mother’s and also one of his father’s sisters were insane; some of his relatives are eccentric in religion.  He has a languishing expression and a smile of self-complacency.  He never had any severe illness, but has always been eccentric and imaginative, much absorbed in romances (such as Dumas’s novels) and fond of identifying himself with their heroes.  No signs of epilepsy.  In youth moderate masturbation, later moderate coitus.  He lives a retired life, but is fond of elegant dress and of ornament.  Though not a drinker, he sometimes makes himself a kind of punch which has a sexually exciting effect on him.  The impulse to exhibitionism has only developed in recent years.  When the impulse is upon him he becomes hot, his heart beats violently, the blood rushes to his head, and he is oblivious of everything around him that is not connected with his own act.  Afterwards he regards himself as a fool and makes vain resolutions never to repeat the act.  In exhibition the penis is only half erect and ejaculation never occurs. (He is only capable of coitus with a woman who shows great attraction to him.) He is satisfied with self-exhibition, and believes that he thus