voice, which in the virgin is shrill, becomes rougher and deeper after the first coitus.  He quotes Riolan’s statement that it is certain that the voice of those who indulge in venery is changed.  On that account the ancients bound down the penis of their singers, and Martial said that those who wish to preserve their voices should avoid coitus.  Democritus who one day had greeted a girl as “maiden” on the following day addressed her as “woman,” while in the same way it is said that Albertus Magnus, observing from his study a girl going for wine for her master, knew that she had had sexual intercourse by the way because on her return her voice had become deeper.  Here, again, the ancient belief has a solid basis, for the voice and the larynx are really affected by sexual conditions. (Parthenologia, p. 286; Marro, La Puberte, p. 303; Havelock Ellis, op. cit., pp. 271, 289.)

Others, again, Schurig proceeds, have judged that the goaty smell given out in the armpits during the venereal act is also no uncertain sign of defloration, such odor being perceptible in those who use much venery, and not seldom in harlots and the newly married, while, as Hippocrates said, it is not perceived in boys and girls. (Parthenologia, p. 286; cf. the previous volume of these Studies, “Sexual Selection in Man,” p. 64.)

In virgins, Schurig remarks, the pubic hair is said to be long and not twisted, while in women accustomed to coitus it is crisper.  But it is only after long and repeated coitus, some authors add, that the pubic hairs become crisp.  Some recent observers, it may be remarked, have noted a connection between sexual excitation and the condition of the pubic hair in women.  (Cf. the present volume, ante p. 127.)

A sign to which the old authors often attached much importance was furnished by the urinary stream.  In the De Secretis Mulierum, wrongly attributed to Albertus Magnus, it is laid down that “the virgin urinates higher than the woman.”  Riolan, in his Anthropographia, discussing the ability of virgins to ejaculate urine to a height, states that Scaliger had observed women who were virgins emit urine in a high jet against a wall, but that married women could seldom do this.  Bouaciolus also stated that the urine of virgins is emitted in a small stream to a distance with an acute hissing sound. (Parthenologia, p. 281.) A folk-lore belief in the reality of this influence is evidenced by the Picardy conte referred to already (ante, p. 53), “La Princesse qui pisse au dessus les Meules.”  There is no doubt a tendency for the various stresses of sexual life to produce an influence in this direction, though they act far too slowly and uncertainly to be a reliable index to the presence or the absence of virginity.

Another common ancient test of virginity by urination rests on a psychic basis, and appears