[156] Power, Lancet, November 26, 1887.

[157] With regard to the sexual relationships of personal odor, see the previous volume of these Studies, “Sexual Selection in Man,” section on Smell.

[158] In European folk-lore thick lips in a woman are sometimes regarded as a sign of sensuality, Kryptadia, vol. ii, p, 258.

[159] The direct dependence of sexual pigmentation on the primary sexual glands is well illustrated by a true hermaphroditic adult finch exhibited at the Academy of Sciences of Amsterdam (May 31, 1890); this bird had a testis on the right side and an ovary on the left, and on the right side its plumage was of the male’s colors, on the left of the female’s color.

[160] See. e.g., Papillault, Bulletin Societe d’Anthropologie, 1899, p. 446.

[161] Guinard, Art.  “Castration,” Richet’s Dictionnaire de Physiologie.

[162] J. Whitridge Williams, Obstetrics, 1903, p. 132.

[163] Zeitschrift fuer Ethnologie, 1878, p. 19.

[164] C. Pitre, Medicina Populare Siciliana, p. 47.  In England, from notes sent to me by one correspondent, it would appear that the proportion of dark and sexually apt women to fair and sexually apt women is as 3 to 1.  The experience of others would doubtless give varying results, and in any case the fallacies are numerous.  See, in the previous volume of these Studies, “Sexual Selection in Man,” Section IV.

[165] In Japan the same belief would appear to be held.  In a nude figure representing the typical voluptuous woman by the Japanese painter Marugama Okio (reproduced in Ploss’s Das Weib) the pubic and axillary hair is profuse, though usually sparse in Japan.

[166] Centralblatt fuer Gynaekologie, No. 9, 1896.

[167] It is important to remember that there is little correlation in this matter between the hair of the head and the sexual hair, if not a certain opposition. (See ante, p. 127.) According to one of the aphorisms of Hippocrates, repeated by Buffon, eunuchs do not become bald, and Aristotle seems to have believed that sexual intercourse is a cause of baldness in men. (Laycock, Nervous Diseases of Women, p. 23.)

[168] For some of the evidence on this point, see Havelock Ellis, “The Comparative Abilities of the Fair and the Dark,” Monthly Review, August, 1901; cf. id., A Study of British Genius, Chapter X.

THE PSYCHIC STATE IN PREGNANCY.

The Relationship of Maternal and Sexual Emotion—­Conception and Loss of Virginity—­The Anciently Accepted Signs of This Condition—­The Pervading Effects of Pregnancy on the Organism—­Pigmentation—­The Blood and Circulation—­The Thyroid—­Changes in the Nervous System—­The Vomiting of Pregnancy—­The Longings of Pregnant Women—­Maternal Impressions—­Evidence for and Against Their Validity—­The Question Still Open—­Imperfection of Our Knowledge—­The Significance of Pregnancy.