in his Serees (Troisieme Seree), gave as the signs of virility which indicated that a man could have children:  a great voice, a thick rough black beard, a large thick nose.

G. Tourdes (Art.  “Aphrodisie,” Dictionnaire Encyclopedique des Sciences Medicales) thus summarized the ancient beliefs on this subject:  “The erotic temperament has been described as marked by a lean figure, white and well-ranged teeth, a developed hairy system, a characteristic voice, air, and expression, and even a special odor.”

In approaching the question of the general physical indications of a special aptitude to the manifestation of vigorous detumescence, the most obvious preliminary would seem to be a study of the castrated.  If we know the special peculiarities of those who by removal of the sexual glands at a very early age have been deprived of all ability to present the manifestations of detumescence, we shall probably be in possession of a type which is the reverse of that which we may expect in persons of a vigorously erotic temperament.

The most general characteristics of eunuchs would appear to be an unusual tendency to put on fat, a notably greater length of the legs, absence of hair in the sexual and secondary sexual regions, a less degree of pigmentation, as noted both in the castrated negro and the white man, a puerile larynx and puerile voice.  In character they are usually described as gentle, conciliatory, and charitable.

There can be little doubt that castration in man tends to lead to lengthening of the legs (tibia and fibula) at puberty, from delayed ossification of the epiphyses.  The hands and feet are also frequently longer and sometimes the forearms.  At the same time the bones are more slender.  The pelvis also is narrower.  The eunuchs of Cairo are said to be easily seen in a crowd from their tall stature. (Collineau, quoting Lortet, Revue Mensuelle de l’Ecole d’Anthropologie, May, 1896.) The castrated Skoptzy show increased stature, and, it seems, large ears, with decreased chest and head (L.  Pittard, Revue Scientifique, June 20, 1903.) Fere shows that in most of these respects the eunuch resembles beardless and infantile subjects. ("Les Proportions des Membres et les Caracteres Sexuels,” Journal de l’Anatomie et de la Physiologie, November-December, 1897.) Similar phenomena are found in animals generally.  Sellheim, carefully investigating castrated horses, swine, oxen and fowls, found retardation of ossification, long and slender extremities, long, broad, but low skull, relatively smaller pelvis and small thorax. ("Zur Lehre von den Sekundaeren Geschlechtscharakteren,” Beitraege zur Geburtshuelfe und Gynaekologie, 1898, summarized in Centralblatt fuer Anthropologie, 1900, Heft IV.)

As regards the mental qualities and moral character of the castrated, Griffiths considers that there is an undue prejudice against eunuchs,