[4] A number of synonyms for the female pudenda are brought together by Schurig—­cunnus, hortus, concha, navis, fovea, larva, canis, annulus, focus, cymba, antrum, delta, myrtus, etc.—­and he discusses many of them. (Muliebria, Section I, cap.  I.)

[5] Kleinpaul, Sprache Ohne Worte, pp. 24-29; cf.  K. Pearson, on the general and special words for sex, Chances of Death, vol. ii, pp. 112-245; a selection of the literature of the rose will be found in a volume of translations entitled Ros Rosarum.

[6] G.S.  Hall, Adolescence, vol. i, p. 470.

[7] Goron, Les Parias de l’Amour, p. 45.

[8] A.R.  Reynolds, Medical Standard, vol. x, cited by Kiernan, “Responsibility in Sexual Perversion,” American Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 1882.

[9] R. Burton, Anatomy of Melancholy, Part III, Section II, Mem.  II, Subs.  II, and Mem.  III, Subs.  I.

[10] Numerous examples are given by Moll, Kontraere Sexualempfindung, third edition, pp. 265-268.

[11] Chevalier (De l’Inversion, 1885; id., L’Inversion Sexuelle, 1892, p. 52), followed by E. Laurent (L’Amour Morbide, 1891, Chapter X), separates this group from other fetichistic perversions, under the head of “azooephilie.”  I see no adequate ground for this step.  The various forms of fetichism are too intimately associated to permit of any group of them being violently separated from the others.

[12] This has already been considered as a perversion founded on vision, in discussing Sexual Selection in Man.  IV.

II.

Foot-fetichism and Shoe-fetichism—­Wide Prevalence and Normal
Basis—­Restif de la Bretonne—­The Foot a Normal Focus of Sexual Attraction
Among Some Peoples—­The Chinese, Greeks, Romans, Spaniards, etc.—­The
Congenital Predisposition in Erotic Symbolism—­The Influence of Early
Association and Emotional Shock—­Shoe-fetichism in Relation to
Masochism—­The Two Phenomena Independent Though Allied—­The Desire to be
Trodden On—­The Fascination of Physical Constraint—­The Symbolism of
Self-inflicted Pain—­The Dynamic Element in Erotic Symbolism—­The
Symbolism of Garments.

Of all forms of erotic symbolism the most frequent is that which idealizes the foot and the shoe.  The phenomena we here encounter are sometimes so complex and raise so many interesting questions that it is necessary to discuss them somewhat fully.

It would seem that even for the normal lover the foot is one of the most attractive parts of the body.  Stanley Hall found that among the parts specified as most admired in the other sex by young men and women who answered a questionnaire the feet came fourth (after the eyes, hair, stature and size).[13] Casanova, an acute student and lover of women who was in no degree a foot fetichist, remarks that all men who share his interest in women are attracted by their feet; they offer the same interest, he considers, as the question of the particular edition offers to the book-lover.[14]