Pierer and Chaulant, in their anatomical and physiological Real-Lexicon (vol. vi, p. 134), give nearly a hundred synonyms for the penis.  Hyrtl (Topographisches Anatomie, seventh edition, vol. ii, pp. 67-69), adds others.  Schurig, in his Spermatologia (1720, pp. 89-91), also presents a number of names for the penis; in Chapter III (pp. 189-192) of the same book he discusses the penis generally with more fullness than most authors.  Louis de Landes, in his Glossaire Erotique of the French language (pp. 239-242), enumerates several hundred literary synonyms for the penis, though many of them probably only occur once.

There is no thorough and comprehensive modern study of the penis on an anthropological basis (though I should mention a valuable and fully illustrated study of anthropological and pathological variations of the penis in a series of articles by Marandon de Montyel, “Des Anomalies des Organs Genitaux Externes Chez les Alienees,” etc., Archives d’Anthropologie Criminelle, 1895), and it would be out of place here to attempt to collect the scattered notices regarding racial and other variations.  It may suffice to note some of the evidence showing that such variations seem to be numerous and important.  The Arab penis (according to Kocher) is slender and long (a third longer than the average European penis) and with a club-shaped glans.  It undergoes little change when it enters the erect state.  The clothes leaves it quite free, and the Arab practices manual excitement at an early age to favor its development.

    Among the Fuegians, also, according to Hyades and Deniker (Cap
    Horn, vol. vii, p. 153), the average length of the penis is 77
    millimeters, which is longer than in Europeans.

In men of black race, also, the penis is decidedly large.  Thus Sir H.H.  Johnston (British Central Africa, p. 399) states this to be a universal rule.  Among the Wankenda of Northern Nyassa, for instance, he remarks that, while the body is of medium size, the penis is generally large.  He gives the usual length as about six inches, reaching nine or ten in erection.  The prepuce, it is added, is often very long, and circumcision is practiced by many tribes.

Among the American negroes Hrdlicka has found, also (Proceedings American Association for the Advancement of Science, vol. xlvii, p. 475), that the penis in black boys is larger than in white boys.

The passages cited above suggest the question whether the penis becomes larger by exercise of its generative functions.  Most old authors assert that frequent erection makes the penis large and long (Schurig, Spermatologia, p. 107).  Galen noted that in singers and athletes, who were chaste in order to preserve their strength, the sexual parts were small and rugrose, like those of old men, and that exercise of the organs from