[55] David Sharp, Cambridge Natural History:  Insects, Part II, p. 398.

[56] Mantegazza, Fisiologia dell’ Amore, 1873, p. 176.

[57] Mantegazza (L’Amour dans l’Humanite, p. 94) refers to various peoples who practice this last custom.  Egypt was a great centre of the practice more than 3000 years ago.

[58] Hagen, Sexuelle Osphresiologie, 1901, p. 226.  It has been suggested to me by a medical correspondent that one of the primitive objects of the hair, alike on head, mons veneris, and axilla, was to collect sweat and heighten its odor to sexual ends.

[59] The names of all our chief perfumes are Arabic or Persian:  civet, musk, ambergris, attar, camphor, etc.

[60] Cloquet (Osphresiologie, pp. 73-76) has an interesting passage on the prevalence of the musk odor in animals, plants, and even mineral substances.

[61] Laycock brings together various instances of the sexual odors of animals, insisting on their musky character (Nervous Diseases of Women; section, “Odors").  See also a section in the Descent of Man (Part II, Chapter XVIII), in which Darwin argues that “the most odoriferous males are the most successful in winning the females.”  Distant also has an interesting paper on this subject, “Biological Suggestions,” Zooelogist, May, 1902; he points out the significant fact that musky odors are usually confined to the male, and argues that animal odors generally are more often attractive than protective.

[62] R. Whytt, Works, 1768, p. 543.

[63] Lucretius, VI, 790-5.

[64] Mohammed, said Ayesha, was very fond of perfumes, especially “men’s scents,” musk and ambergris.  He used also to burn camphor on odoriferous wood and enjoy the fragrant smell, while he never refused perfumes when offered them as a present.  The things he cared for most, said Ayesha, were women, scents, and foods.  Muir, Life of Mahomet, vol. iii, p. 297.

[65] H. ten Kate, International Centralblatt fuer Anthropologie, Ht. 6, 1902.  This author, who made observations on Japanese with Zwaardemaker’s olfactometer, found that, contrary to an opinion sometimes stated, they have a somewhat defective sense of smell.  He remarks that there are no really native Japanese perfumes.

[66] Moll:  Die Kontraere Sexualempfindung, third edition, 1890, p. 306.

[67] Moll:  Libido Sexualis, bd. 1, p. 284.

[68] P. Naecke, “Un Cas de Fetichisme de Souliers,” Bulletin de la Societe de Medecine Mentale de Belgique, 1894.

[69] Psychopathia Sexualis, English edition, p. 167.

[70] Philip Salmuth (Observationes Medicae, Centuria II, no. 63) in the seventeenth century recorded a case in which a young girl of noble birth (whose sister was fond of eating chalk, cinnamon, and cloves) experienced extreme pleasure in smelling old books.  It would appear, however, that in this case the fascination lay not so much in the odor of the leather as in the mouldy odor of worm-eaten books; “faetore veterum liborum, a blattis et tineis exesorum, situque prorsus corruptorum” are Salmuth’s words.