FOOTNOTES: 

[196] E. Selous, Bird Watching, 1901, p. 191.  This author adds:  “It seems probable indeed that the conferring a practical benefit of the kind indicated may be the origin of the caress throughout nature.”

[197] Tylor terms the kiss “the salute by tasting,” and d’Enjoy defines it as “a bite and a suction”; there seems, however, little evidence to show that the kiss contains any gustatory element in the strict sense.

[198] Compayre, L’Evolution intellectuelle et morale de l’enfant, p. 9.

[199] Mantegazza, Physiognomy and Expression, p. 144.

[200] G. Stanley Hall, “The Early Sense of Self,” American Journal of Psychology, April, 1898, p. 361.

[201] In some parts of the world the impulse persists into adult life.  Sir S. Baker (Ismailia, p. 472) mentions licking the eyes as a sign of affection.

[202] Book of Common Prayer in Manx Gaelic, edited by A.W.  Moore and J. Rhys, 1895.

[203] L. Hearn, Out of the East, 1895, p. 103.

[204] See, e.g., A.B.  Ellis, Tshi-speaking Peoples, p. 288.  Among the Swahili the kiss is practiced, but exclusively between married people and with very young children.  Velten believes they learned it from the Arabs.

[205] Hyades and Deniker, Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn, vol. vii, p. 245.

[206] W. Roth, Ethnological Notes Among the Queensland Aborigines, p. 184.

[207] Zeitschrift fuer Ethnologie, 1900, ht. 5, p. 200.

[208] E.g., the Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana, Bk.  III, Chapter I.

[209] Hosea, Chapter xiii, v. 2; I Kings, Chapter xix, v. 18.

[210] Wellhausen, Reste Arabischen Heidentums, p. 109.

[211] The Romans recognized at least three kinds of kiss:  the osculum, for friendship, given on the face; the basium, for affection, given on the lips; the suavium, given between the lips, reserved for lovers.

[212] In other parts of the world it would appear that the kiss sometimes has a sacred or ritual character.  Thus, according to Rev. J. Macdonald (Journal of the Anthropological Institute, November, 1890, p. 118), it is part of the initiation ceremony of a girl at her first menstruation that the women of the village should kiss her on the cheek, and on the mons veneris and labia.

[213] Journal of the Anthropological Institute, August and November, 1898, p. 107.

[214] Velten, Sitten und Gebraueche der Suaheli, p. 142.

[215] Turner, Samoa, p. 45.

[216] Tregear, Journal of the Anthropological Institute, 1889.

[217] Zeitschrift fuer Ethnologie, 1896, ht. 4, p. 272.

[218] Breitenstein, 21 Jahre in India, vol. i, p. 224.