[110] Thus, Duehren (Iwan Bloch) remarks (Der Marquis de Sade und Seine Zeit, 1901, p. 211):  “It is well known that England is today the classic land of sexual flagellation.”  See the same author’s Geschlechtsleben in England, vol. ii, ch. vi.  In America it appears also to be common, and Kiernan mentions that in advertisements of Chicago “massage shops” there often appears the announcement:  “Flagellation a Specialty.”  The reports of police inspectors in eighteenth century France show how common flagellation then was in Paris.  It may be added that various men of distinguished intellectual ability of recent times and earlier are reported as addicted to passive flagellation; this was the case with Helvetius.

[111] A full bibliography of flagellation would include many hundred items.  The more important works on this subject, in connection with the sexual impulse, are enumerated by Eulenburg, in his Sadismus und Masochismus.  An elaborate history of flagellation generally is now being written by Georg Collas, Geschichte des Flagellantismus, vol. i, 1912.

[112] Loewenfeld, Ueber die Sexuelle Konstitution, p. 43.

[113] Archiv fuer Kriminal-Anthropologie, 1909, p. 361.  He brings forward the evidence of a reliable and cultured man who at one time sought to obtain the pleasures of passive sexual flagellation.  But in spite of his expectation and good will the only result was to disperse every trace of sexual desire.

[114] E.g., Kiefer, Zeitschrift fuer Sexualwissenschaft, Aug., 1908.

[115] Fere, Revue de Medecine, August, 1900.  In this paper Fere brings together many interesting facts concerning flagellation in ancient times.

[116] Schmidt-Heuert (Monatschrift fuer Harnkrankheiten, 1906, ht. 7) argues that it is not so much the actual use of the rod as playful, threatening and mysterious suggestions playing around it which nowadays gives it sexual fascination.

[117] Moll (Untersuchungen ueber die Libido Sexualis, Bd. 1, p. 18) points out that these emotions frequently suffice to cause sexual emissions in schoolboys.

[118] As Eulenburg truly points out, the circumstances attending the whipping of a woman may be sexually attractive, even in the absence of any morbid impulse.  Such circumstances are “the sight of naked feminine charms and especially—­in the usual mode of flagellation—­of those parts which possess for the sexual epicure a peculiar esthetic attraction; the idea of treating a loved, or at all events desired, person as a child, of having her in complete subjection and being able to dispose of her despotically; and finally the immediate results of whipping:  the changes in skin-color, the to and fro movements which simulate or anticipate the initial phenomena of coitus.” (Eulenburg, Sexuale Neuropathie, p. 121.)

[119] See the article on Udall in the Dictionary of National Biography.