He adds:  “The only physical cause for the practice which suggests itself to me, and that must be owned to be purely conjectural, is that within the Sotadic Zone there is a blending of the masculine and feminine temperaments, a crasis which elsewhere only occurs sporadically” (Arabian Nights, 1885, vol. x, pp. 205-254).  The theory of the Sotadic Zone fails to account for the custom among the Normans, Celts, Scythians, Bulgars, and Tartars, and, moreover, in various of these regions different views have prevailed at different periods.  Burton was wholly unacquainted with the psychological investigations into sexual inversion which had, indeed, scarcely begun in his day.

[102] Spectator (Anthropophyteia, vol. vii, 1910), referring especially to the neighborhood of Sorrento, states that the southern Italians regard passive pedicatio as disgraceful, but attach little or no shame to active pedicatio.  This indifference enables them to exploit the homosexual foreigners who are specially attracted to southern Italy in the development of a flourishing homosexual industry.

[103] It is true that in the solitude of great modern cities it is possible for small homosexual coteries to form, in a certain sense, an environment of their own, favorable to their abnormality; yet this fact hardly modifies the general statement made in the text.

[104] See especially Hirschfeld, Die Homosexualitaet, chs. xxiv and xxv.

[105] Ulrichs, in his Argonauticus, in 1869, estimated the number as only 25,000, but admitted that this was probably a decided underestimate.  Bloch (Die Prostitution, Bd. i, p. 792) has found reason to believe that in Cologne in the fifteenth century the percentage was nearly as high as Hirschfeld finds it today.  A few years earlier Bloch had believed (Beitraege, part i, p. 215, 1902) that Hirschfeld’s estimate of 2 per cent, was “sheer nonsense.”

[106] Hirschfeld mentions the case of two men, artists, one of them married, who were intimate friends for a great many years before each discovered that the other was an invert.

[107] See articles by Numa Praetorius and Fernan, maintaining that homosexuality is at least as frequent in France (Sexual-Probleme, March and December, 1909).

[108] Dr. Laupts, L’Homosexualite, 1910, pp. 413, 420.

[109] Naecke, Zeitschrift fuer Sexualwissenschaft, 1908, Heft 6.

[110] It is a fact significant of the French attitude toward homosexuality that the psychologist, Dr. Saint-Paul, when writing a book on this subject, though in a completely normal and correct manner, thought it desirable to adopt a pseudonym.

[111] A well-informed series of papers dealing with English homosexuality generally, and especially with London (L.  Pavia, “Die maennliche Homosexualitaet in England,” Vierteljahrsberichte des wissenschaftlich-humanitaeren Komitees, 1909-1911) will be found instructive even by those who are familiar with London.  And see also Hirschfeld, Die Homosexualitaet, ch. xxvi.  Much information of historical nature concerning homosexuality in England will be found in Eugen Duehren (Iwan Bloch), Das Geschlechtsleben in England.