[156] Monatsschrift fuer Harnkrankheiten, Nov., 1905; in his Tribadie Berlins, he states that among 3000 prostitutes at least ten per cent. were homosexual.  See also Parent-Duchatelet, De la Prostitution, 3d ed., vol. i, pp. 159, 169; Martineau, Les Deformations vulvaires et anales; and Iwan Bloch, Beitraege zur AEtiologie der Psychopathia Sexualis, 1902, vol. i, p. 244.

[157] Hirschfeld, Die Homosexualitaet, p. 330.

[158] Eulenburg, Sexuelle Neuropathie, p. 144.

[159] See vol. vi of these Studies, “Sex in Relation to Society,” ch. vii.

[160] The prostitute has sometimes been regarded as a special type, analogous to the instinctive criminal.  This point of view has been specially emphasized by Lombroso and Ferrero, La Donna Delinquente.  Apart from this, these authors regard homosexuality among prostitutes as due to the following causes (p. 410 et seq.):  (a) excessive and often unnatural venery; (b) confinement in a prison, with separation from men; (c) close association with the same sex, such as is common in brothels; (d) maturity and old age, inverting the secondary sexual characters and predisposing to sexual inversion; (e) disgust of men produced by a prostitute’s profession, combined with the longing for love.  For cases of homosexuality in American prostitutes, see D. McMurtrie, Lancet-Clinic, Nov. 2, 1912.

[161] Thus Casanova, who knew several nuns intimately, refers to homosexuality as a childish sin so common in convents that confessors imposed no penance for it (Memoires, ed.  Garnier, vol. iv, p. 517).  Homosexuality in convent schools has been studied by Mercante, Archivos di Psiquiatria, 1905, pp. 22-30.

[162] I quote the following from a private letter written in Switzerland:  “An English resident has told me that his wife has lately had to send away her parlor-maid (a pretty girl) because she was always taking in strange women to sleep with her.  I asked if she had been taken from hotel service, and found, as I expected, that she had.  But neither my friend nor his wife suspected the real cause of these nocturnal visits.”

[163] For a series of cases of affection of girls for girls, in apparently normal subjects in the United States, see, e.g., Lancaster, “The Psychology and Pedagogy of Adolescence,” Pedagogical Seminary, July, 1897, p. 88; also, for school friendships between girls, exactly resembling those between boys and girls, Theodate L. Smith, “Types of Adolescent Affection,” ib., June, 1904, pp. 193, 195.

[164] Obici and Marchesini, Le “Amicizie” di Collegio, Rome, 1898.

[165] See Appendix B, in which I have briefly summarized the result of the investigation by Obici and Marchesini, and also brought forward observations concerning English colleges.