of Virginia. She belonged to a large and entirely
normal family, but herself possessed a full beard with
thick whiskers and moustache of an entirely masculine
type; she also showed short, dark hair on arms
and hands resembling a man. Apart from this
heterogeny, she was entirely normal and feminine.
At the age of 26, when examined in Berlin, the
hair of the head was very long, the expression
of the face entirely feminine, the voice also
feminine, the figure elegant, the hands and feet entirely
of feminine type, the external and internal genitalia
altogether feminine. Annie Jones was married.
Max Bartels, who studied Annie Jones and published
her portrait (Zeitschrift fuer Ethnologie,
1891, Heft 3, p. 243), remarks that in these respects
Annie Jones resembles other “bearded women”;
they marry, have children, and are able to suckle
them. A beard in women seems, as Dupre and
Duflos believe (Revue Neurologique, Aug. 30,
1901), to be more closely correlated with neuropathy
than with masculinity; comparing a thousand sane
women with a thousand insane women in Paris, they
found unusual degree of hair or down on the face
in 23 per cent. of the former and 50 per cent. of the
latter; but even the sane bearded women frequently
belonged to neuropathic families.
A tendency to slight widely diffused hypertrichosis of the body generally, not localized or highly developed on the face, seems much more likely than a beard to be associated with masculinity, even when it occurs in little girls. Thus Virchow once presented to the Berlin Anthropological Society a little girl of 5 of this type who also possessed a deep and rough voice (Zeitschrift fuer Ethnologie, 1891, Heft 4, p. 469). A typical example of slight hypertrichosis in a woman associated with general masculine traits is furnished by a description and figure of the body of a woman of 56 in an anatomical institute, furnished by C. Strauch (Zeitschrift fuer Ethnologie, 1901, Heft 6, p. 534). In this case there was a growth of hair around both nipples and a line of hair extended from the pubes to the navel; both these two dispositions of hair are very rare in women. (In Vienna among nearly 700 women Coe only found a tendency to hair distribution toward the navel in about 1 per cent.). While the hair in this subject was otherwise fairly normal, there were many approximations to the masculine type in other respects: the muscles were strongly developed, the bones massive, the limbs long, the joints powerful, the hands and feet large, the thorax well developed, the lower jaw massive; there was an absence of feminine curves on the body and the breasts were scarcely perceptible. At the same time the genital organs were normal and there had been childbirth. It was further notable that this woman had committed suicide by self-strangulation, a rare method which requires great resolution and strength of will, as at any moment of the process the pressure can be removed.