though not without coquetry, takes the attitude of the Medicean Venus.”  Men and women bathe separately, and hide themselves from each other when naked.  The women also exhibit shame when discovered suckling their babies. (Zeitschrift fuer Ethnologie, 1878, pp. 27-31.)

The Koran (Sura XXIV) forbids showing the pudenda, as well as the face, yet a veiled Mohammedan woman, Stern remarks, even in the streets of Constantinople, will stand still and pull up her clothes to scratch her private parts, and in Beyrout, he saw Turkish prostitutes, still veiled, place themselves in the position for coitus. (B.  Stern, Medizin, etc., in der Tuerkei, vol. ii, p. 162.)

“An Englishman surprised a woman while bathing in the Euphrates; she held her hands over her face, without troubling as to what else the stranger might see.  In Egypt, I have myself seen quite naked young peasant girls, who hastened to see us, after covering their faces.” (C.  Niebuhr, Reisebeschreibung nach Arabien, 1774, vol. i, p. 165.)

When Helfer was taken to visit the ladies in the palace of the Imam of Muskat, at Buscheir, he found that their faces were covered with black masks, though the rest of the body might be clothed in a transparent sort of crape; to look at a naked face was very painful to the ladies themselves; even a mother never lifts the mask from the face of her daughter after the age of twelve; that is reserved for her lord and husband.  “I observed that the ladies looked at me with a certain confusion, and after they had glanced into my face, lowered their eyes, ashamed.  On making inquiries, I found that my uncovered face was indecent, as a naked person would be to us.  They begged me to assume a mask, and when a waiting-woman had bound a splendidly decorated one round my head, they all exclaimed:  ’Tahip! tahip!’—­beautiful, beautiful.” (J.W.  Helfer, Reisen in Vorderasian und Indien, vol. ii, p. 12.)

In Algeria—­in the provinces of Constantine, in Biskra, even Aures,—­“among the women especially, not one is restrained by any modesty in unfastening her girdle to any comer” (when a search was being made for tattoo-marks on the lower extremities).  “In spite of the great licentiousness of the manners,” the same writer continues, “the Arab and the Kabyle possess great personal modesty, and with difficulty are persuaded to exhibit the body nude; is it the result of real modesty, or of their inveterate habits of active pederasty?  Whatever the cause, they always hide the sexual organs with their hands or their handkerchiefs, and are disagreeably affected even by the slightest touch of the doctor.” (Batut, Archives d’Anthropologie Criminelle, January 15, 1893.)

“Moslem modesty,” remarks Wellhausen, “was carried to great lengths, insufficient clothing being forbidden.  It was marked even among the heathen Arabs, as among