[196] See, e.g., Winckel, Die Krankheiten der weiblichen Harnrohre und Blase, 1885, p. 211; and “Lehrbuch der Frauenkrankheiten,” 1886, p. 210; also, Hyrtl, Handbuch du Topographischen Anatomie, 7th ed., Bd.  II, pp. 212-214.  Gruenfeld (Wiener medizinische Blaetter, November 26, 1896), collected 115 cases of foreign body in the bladder—­68 in men, 47 in women; but while those found in men were usually the result of a surgical accident, those found in women were mostly introduced by the patients themselves.  The patient usually professes profound ignorance as to how the object came there; or she explains that she accidentally sat down upon it, or that she used it to produce freer urination.  The earliest surgical case of this kind I happen to have met with, was recorded by Plazzon, in Italy, in 1621 (De Partibus Generationi Inservientibus, lib. ii, Ch.  XIII); it was that of a certain honorable maiden with a large clitoris, who, seeking to lull sexual excitement with the aid of a bone needle, inserted it in the bladder, whence it was removed by Aquapendente.

[197] A. Poulet, Traite des Corps etrangers en Chirurgie, 1879.  English translation, 1881, vol. ii, pp. 209, 230.  Rohleder (Die Masturbation, 1899, pp. 24-31) also gives examples of strange objects found in the sexual organs.

[198] E.H.  Smith, “Signs of Masturbation in the Female,” Pacific Medical Journal, February, 1903, quoted by R.W.  Taylor, Practical Treatise on Sexual Disorders, 3d ed., p. 418.

[199] L. Tait, Diseases of Women, 1889, vol. i, p. 100.

[200] Obstetric Journal, vol. i, 1873, p. 558.  Cf.  G.J.  Arnold, British, Medical Journal, January 6, 1906, p. 21.

[201] Dudley, American Journal of Obstetrics, July, 1889, p. 758.

[202] A. Reverdin, “Epingles a Cheveux dans la Vessie,” Revue Medicale de la Suisse Romande, January 20, 1888.  His cases are fully recorded, and his paper is an able and interesting contribution to this by-way of sexual psychology.  The first case was a school-master’s wife, aged 22, who confessed in her husband’s presence, without embarrassment or hesitation, that the manoeuvre was habitual, learned from a school-companion, and continued after marriage.  The second was a single woman of 42, a cure’s servant, who attempted to elude confession, but on leaving the doctor’s house remarked to the house-maid, “Never go to bed without taking out your hair-pins; accidents happen so easily.”  The third was an English girl of 17 who finally acknowledged that she had lost two hair-pins in this way.  The fourth was a child of 12, driven by the pain to confess that the practice had become a habit with her.

[203] “One of my patients,” remarks Dr. R.T.  Morris, of New York, (Transactions of the American Association of Obstetricians, for 1892, Philadelphia, vol. v), “who is a devout church-member, had never allowed herself to entertain sexual thoughts referring to men, but she masturbated every morning, when standing before the mirror, by rubbing against a key in the bureau-drawer.  A man never excited her passions, but the sight of a key in any bureau-drawer aroused erotic desires.”