[182] Tillier, L’Instinct Sexuel, 1889, p. 270.

[183] Moll, Libido Sexualis, Bd.  I, p. 76.  The same author mentions (ibid., p. 373) that parrots living in solitary confinement masturbate by rubbing the posterior part of the body against some object until ejaculation occurs.  Edmund Selous ("Habits of the Peewit,” Zooelogist, April, 1902) suggests that the peewit, when rolling on the ground, and exerting pressure on the anal region, is moved by a sexual impulse to satisfy desire; he adds that actual orgasm appears eventually to take place, a spasm of energy passing through the bird.

[184] Dr. J.W.  Howe (Excessive Venery, Masturbation, and Continence, London and New York, 1883, p. 62) writes of masturbation:  “In savage lands it is of rare occurrence.  Savages live in a state of Nature.  No moral obligations exist which compel them to abstain from a natural gratification of their passions.  There is no social law which prevents them from following the dictates of their lower nature.  Hence, they have no reason for adopting onanism as an outlet for passions.  The moral trammels of civilized society, and ignorance of physiological laws, give origin to the vice.”  Every one of these six sentences is incorrect or misleading.  They are worth quoting as a statement of the popular view of savage life.

[185] I can recall little evidence of its existence among the Australian aborigines, though there is, in the Wiradyuri language, spoken over a large part of New South Wales, a word (whether ancient or not, I do not know) meaning masturbation (Journal of the Anthropological Institute, July-Dec., 1904, p. 303).  Dr. W. Roth (Ethnological Studies Among the Northwest-Central Queensland Aborigines, p. 184), who has carefully studied the blacks of his district, remarks that he has no evidence as to the practice of either masturbation or sodomy among them.  More recently (1906) Roth has stated that married men in North Queensland and elsewhere masturbate during their wives’ absence.  As regards the Maori of New Zealand, Northcote adds, there is a rare word for masturbation (as also at Rarotonga), but according to a distinguished Maori scholar there are no allusions to the practice in Maori literature, and it was probably not practiced in primitive times.  The Maori and the Polynesians of the Cook Islands, Northcote remarks, consider the act unmanly, applying to it a phrase meaning “to make women of themselves.” (Northcote, loc. cit., p. 232.)

[186] Greenlees, Journal of Mental Science, July, 1895.  A gentleman long resident among the Kaffirs of South Natal, told Northcote, however, that he had met with no word for masturbation, and did not believe the practice prevailed there.

[187] Hyades and Deniker, Mission Scientifique du Cap Horn, vol. vii, p. 295.

[188] La Criminalite en Cochin-Chine, 1887, p. 116; also Mondiere, “Monographie de la Femme Annamite,” Memoires Societe d’Anthropologie, tome ii, p. 465.