some clans of the naked Nagas, to whom the Banpara belong, this may still hold good.” (K.  Klemm, “Peal’s Ausflug nach Banpara,” Zeitschrift fuer Ethnologie, 1898, Heft 5, p. 334.)

“In Ceylon, a woman always bathes in public streams, but she never removes all her clothes.  She washes under the cloth, bit by bit, and then slips on the dry, new cloth, and pulls out the wet one from underneath (much in the same sliding way as servant girls and young women in England).  This is the common custom in India and the Malay States.  The breasts are always bare in their own houses, but in the public roads are covered whenever a European passes.  The vulva is never exposed.  They say that a devil, imagined as a white and hairy being, might have intercourse with them.” (Private communication.)

In Borneo, “the sirat, called chawal by the Malays, is a strip of cloth a yard wide, worn round the loins and in between the thighs, so as to cover the pudenda and perinaeum; it is generally six yards or so in length, but the younger men of the present generation use as much as twelve or fourteen yards (sometimes even more), which they twist and coil with great precision round and round their body, until the waist and stomach are fully enveloped in its folds.” (H.  Ling Roth, “Low’s Natives of Borneo,” Journal of the Anthropological Institute, 1892, p. 36.)

“In their own houses in the depths of the forest the Dwarfs are said to neglect coverings for decency in the men as in the women, but certainly when they emerge from the forest into the villages of the agricultural Negroes, they are always observed to be wearing some small piece of bark-cloth or skin, or a bunch of leaves over the pudenda.  Elsewhere in all the regions of Africa visited by the writer, or described by other observers, a neglect of decency in the male has only been recorded among the Efik people of Old Calabar.  The nudity of women is another question.  In parts of West Africa, between the Niger and the Gaboon (especially on the Cameroon River, at Old Calabar, and in the Niger Delta), it is, or was, customary for young women to go about completely nude before they were married.  In Swaziland, until quite recently, unmarried women and very often matrons went stark naked.  Even amongst the prudish Baganda, who made it a punishable offense for a man to expose any part of his leg above the knee, the wives of the King would attend at his Court perfectly naked.  Among the Kavirondo, all unmarried girls are completely nude, and although women who have become mothers are supposed to wear a tiny covering before and behind, they very often completely neglect to do so when in their own villages.  Yet, as a general rule, among the Nile Negroes, and still more markedly among the Hamites and people of Masai stock, the women are particular about concealing the pudenda, whereas the men are ostentatiously naked.  The Baganda