672.  Travels in Abyssinia.  By James Barretti. 1670. 8vo.

673.  A new History of Ethiopia.  By Joseph Ludolphus. fol. 1684.—­Though Ludolphus did not visit this country, yet his work, originally published in Latin, with a commentary and appendix by himself, is well worthy of perusal, as it is full of recondite and important information on the origin of the Abyssinians, the climate, soil, productions, and the natural history, physical and moral state of the inhabitants, &c.

674.  Bruce’s Travels to discover the Source of the Nile. 5 vols. 4to. 1790.—­Account of his Life and Writings, and additions to his Travels.  By Alex.  Murray. 4to. 1808.

675.  Observations on Bruce’s Travels.  By Warton. 1799, 4to.

676.  Observations on the authenticity of Bruce’s Travels.  Newcastle. 1800. 4to.  We have added to the title of Bruce’s work, those of two works which remarked on its authenticity; there were also some acute papers on the subject in the Monthly Magazine:  the result of these, and of the researches of subsequent travellers, seems to have established the credit of Bruce generally, though it is now known he did not reach the source of the real Nile, and that in some descriptions he coloured too highly.  After all these drawbacks, however, his Travels are very valuable, and, with the exception of the tedious annals of Abyssinia, may be perused with interest and profit.

677.  Salt’s Voyage to Abyssinia, and Travels into the interior of that country. 1809-10:  with an account of the Portuguese Settlements on the east coast of Africa. 4to. 1814.

678.  Pearce’s true account of the ways and manners of the Abyssinians. (In the Transactions of the Bombay Society, vol. 2.)

These two works have extended our knowledge of Abyssinia, especially of the moral state of the people, much beyond what it might have been expected we should have acquired regarding a country formerly so inaccessible.  Mr. Salt’s zeal, and opportunities of information and observation, have left little to be desired:  and from Mr. Pearce, who resided fourteen years in the country, many particulars may be gathered, which only a long residence, and that intimacy and amalgamation with the natives which Mr. Pearce accomplished, can furnish accurately, minutely, and fully.

VIII.  ASIA.

Several circumstances concurred to direct the travels of the dark and middle ages to Asia.  Pilgrimages to the Holy Land;—­the wish to ingratiate the Tartar chiefs, which was naturally felt by the European powers, when the former were advancing towards the western limits of Asia; and subsequently, and perhaps consequently, the spirit of commercial enterprise, were amongst the most obvious and influential circumstances which led to travels into this quarter of the world, from the ninth to the fifteenth centuries.  Although the travellers during this period were by no means,