manure, which should be dug in below the tubers.  These may be planted in October, and for succession in January, the autumn-planted ones being protected by a covering of leaves or short stable litter.  They will flower in May and June, and when the leaves have ripened should be taken up into a dry room till planting time.  They are easily raised from the seed, and a bed of the single varieties is a valuable addition to a flower-garden, as it affords, in a warm situation, an abundance of handsome and often brilliant spring flowers, almost as early as the snowdrop or crocus.  The genus contains many other lively spring-blooming plants, of which A. hortensis and A. fulgens have less divided leaves and splendid rosy-purple or scarlet flowers; they require similar treatment.  Another set is represented by A.  Pulsatilla, the Pasque-flower, whose violet blossoms have the outer surface hairy; these prefer a calcareous soil.  The splendid A. japonica, and its white variety called Honorine Joubert, the latter especially, are amongst the finest of autumn-blooming hardy perennials; they grow well in light soil, and reach 2-1/2 to 3 ft. in height, blooming continually for several weeks.  A group of dwarf species, represented by the native British A. nemorosa and A. apennina, are amongst the most beautiful of spring flowers for planting in woods and shady places.

The genus Hepatica is now generally included in anemone as a subgenus.  The plants are known in gardens as hepaticas, and are varieties of the common South European A.  Hepatica; they are charming spring-flowering plants with usually blue flowers.

ANENCLETUS, or ANACLETUS, second bishop of Rome.  About the 4th century he is treated in the catalogues as two persons—­Anacletus and Cletus.  According to the catalogues he occupied the papal chair for twelve years (c. 77-88).

ANERIO, the name of two brothers, musical composers, very great Roman masters of 16th-century polyphony.  Felice, the elder, was born about 1560, studied under G.M.  Nanino and succeeded Palestrina in 1594 as composer to the papal chapel.  Several masses and motets of his are printed in Proske’s Musica Divina and other modern anthologies, and it is hardly too much to say that they are for the most part worthy of Palestrina himself.  The date of his death is conjecturally given as 1630.  His brother, Giovanni Francesco, was born about 1567, and seems to have died about 1620.  The occasional attribution of some of his numerous compositions to his elder brother is a pardonable mistake, if we may judge by the works that have been reprinted.  But the statement, which continues to be repeated in standard works of reference, that “he was one of the first of Italians to use the quaver and its subdivisions” is incomprehensible.  Quavers were common property in all musical countries quite early in the 16th century, and semiquavers appear in a madrigal of Palestrina