[Footnote 28:  Job iv. 18.]

[Footnote 29:  Tobit iii. 8, 17, vi. 7.]

[Footnote 30:  E.g. Matt. i. 20 (to Joseph), iv. 11. (to Jesus), Luke i. 26 (to Mary), Acts xii. 7 (to Peter).]

[Footnote 31:  E.g. Mark viii. 38, xiii. 27.]

[Footnote 32:  Mark xii. 25.]

[Footnote 33:  Luke i. 19.]

[Footnote 34:  Rev. ix. 11.]

[Footnote 35:  Mark iii. 22.]

[Footnote 36:  Mark i. 13.]

[Footnote 37:  Michael, Jude 9.]

[Footnote 38:  Rom. viii. 38; Col, ii. 10.]

[Footnote 39:  Col. i. 16.]

[Footnote 40:  Rev. vii. 1.]

[Footnote 41:  Gen. xviii. 8.]

[Footnote 42:  Gen. xix. 16.]

[Footnote 43:  Zech. iv. 1.]

[Footnote 44:  Judges vi. 12, 21.]

[Footnote 45:  Rev. vii. 1. viii.]

[Footnote 46:  Rev. viii. 13, xiv. 6.]

[Footnote 47:  Job xxxviii. 7; Asc. of Isaiah, iv. 18; Slav. Enoch, iv. 1.]

[Footnote 48:  Rev. xiv. 18, xvi. 5; possibly Gal. iv. 3; Col. ii. 8, 20.]

[Footnote 49:  Ps. lxviii. 17; Dan. vii. 10.]

[Footnote 50:  Matt, xviii. 10; Acts xii. 15.]

[Footnote 51:  Gal. iii. 19; Heb. ii. 2; LXX. of Deut. xxxiii. 2.]

BIBLIOGRAPHY.—­See the sections on “Angels” in the handbooks of O.T.  Theology by Ewald, Schultz, Smend, Kayser-Marti, &c.; and of N.T.  Theology by Weiss, and in van Oosterzee’s Dogmatics.  Also commentaries on special passages, especially Driver and Bevan on Daniel, and G.A.  Smith, Minor Prophets, ii. 310 ff.; and articles s.v. “Angel” in Hastings’ Bible Dictionary, and the Encyclopaedia Biblica.

(W.H.  BE.)

ANGEL, a gold coin, first used in France (angelot, ange) in 1340, and introduced into England by Edward IV. in 1465 as a new issue of the “noble,” and so at first called the “angel-noble.”  It varied in value between that period and the time of Charles I. (when it was last coined) from 6s. 8d. to 10s.  The name was derived from the representation it bore of St. Michael and the dragon.  The angel was the coin given to those who came to be touched for the disease known as king’s evil; after it was no longer coined, medals, called touch-pieces, with the same device, were given instead.

ANGELICA, a genus of plants of the natural order Umbelliferae, represented in Britain by one species, A. sylvestris, a tall perennial herb with large bipinnate leaves and large compound umbels of white or purple flowers.  The name Angelica is popularly given to a plant of an allied genus, Archangelica officinalis, the tender shoots of which are used in making certain kinds of aromatic sweetmeats. Angelica balsam is obtained by extracting the roots with alcohol, evaporating and extracting the residue with ether.  It is of a dark brown colour and contains angelica oil, angelica wax and angelicin, C_{18}_H_{30}_O.  The essential oil of the roots of Angelica archangelica contains ss-terebangelene, C_{10}_H_{16}, and other terpenes; the oil of the seeds also contains ss-terebangelene, together with methylethylacetic acid and hydroxymyristic acid.