aunt, the duchess of Angouleme and his father-in-law.  He then entered into fresh intrigues with the court of Spain, acting in concert with the marchioness of Verneuil and her father d’Entragues.  In 1604 d’Entragues and he were arrested and condemned to death; at the same time the marchioness was condemned to perpetual imprisonment in a convent.  She easily obtained pardon, and the sentence of death against the other two was commuted into perpetual imprisonment.  Auvergne remained in the Bastille for eleven years, from 1605 to 1616.  A decree of the parlement (1606), obtained by Marguerite de Valois, deprived him of nearly all his possessions, including Auvergne, though he still retained the title.  In 1616 he was released, was restored to his rank of colonel-general of horse, and despatched against one of the disaffected nobles, the duke of Longueville, who had taken Peronne.  Next year he commanded the forces collected in the Ile de France, and obtained some successes.  In 1619 he received by bequest, ratified in 1620 by royal grant, the duchy of Angouleme.  Soon after he was engaged on an important embassy to Germany, the result of which was the treaty of Ulm, signed July 1620.  In 1627 he commanded the large forces assembled at the siege of La Rochelle; and some years after in 1635, during the Thirty Years’ War, he was general of the French army in Lorraine.  In 1636 he was made lieutenant-general of the army.  He appears to have retired from public life shortly after the death of Richelieu in 1643.  His first wife died in 1636, and in 1644 he married Francoise de Narbonne, daughter of Charles, baron of Mareuil.  She had no children and survived her husband until 1713.  Angouleme himself died on the 24th of September 1650.  By his first wife he had three children:  Henri, who became insane; Louis Emmanuel, who succeeded his father as duke of Angouleme and was colonel-general of light cavalry and governor of Provence; and Francoise, who died in 1622.

The duke was the author of the following works:—­(i)_Memoires_, from the assassination of Henri III. to the battle of Arques (1589-1593) published at Paris by Boneau, and reprinted by Buchon in his Choix de chroniques (1836) and by Petitot in his Memoires (1st series, vol. xliv.); (2) Les Harangues, prononces en assemblee de MM. les princes protestants d’Allemagne, par Monseigneur le duc d’ Angouleme (1620); (3) a translation of a Spanish work by Diego de Torres.  To him has also been ascribed the work, La generale et fidele Relation de tout ce qui s’est passe en l’isle de Re, envoyee par le roi a la royne sa mere (Paris, 1627).

ANGOULEME, a city of south-western France, capital of the department of Charente, 83 m.  N.N.E. of Bordeaux on the railway between Bordeaux and Poitiers.  Pop. (1906) 30,040.  The town proper occupies an elevated promontory, washed on the north by the Charente and on the south and west by the Anguienne, a small tributary of that river.  The more important of the suburbs lie towards the east, where the promontory joins the main plateau, of which it forms the north-western extremity.