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(2) A Turkish vilayet in north-central Asia Minor, which includes most of the ancient Galatia.  It is an agricultural country, depending for its prosperity on its grain, wool (average annual export, 4,400,000 ft), and the mohair obtained from the beautiful Angora goats (average annual clip, 3,300,000 lb).  The fineness of the hair may perhaps be ascribed to some peculiarity in the atmosphere, for it is remarkable that the cats, dogs and other animals of the country are to a certain extent affected in the same way, and that they all lose much of their distinctive beauty when taken from their native districts.  The only important industry is carpet-weaving at Kir-sheher and Kaisarieh.  There are mines of silver, copper, lignite and salt, and many hot springs, including some of great repute medicinally.  Average annual exports 1896-1898, L920,762; imports, L411,836.  Pop. about 900,000 (Moslems, 765,000 to 800,000, the rest being Christians, with a few hundred Jews).

(J.G.C.A.)

See C. Ritter, Erdkunde van Asien (vol. xviii., 1837-1839); V. Cuinet, La Turquie d’Asie, t, i. (1891); Murray’s Handbook to Asia Minor (1895); and other works mentioned under ANCYRA.

ANGOULEME, CHARLES DE VALOIS, DUKE OF (1573-1650), the natural son of Charles IX. of France and Marie Touchet, was born on the 28th of April 1573, at the castle of Fayet in Dauphine.  His father dying in the following year, commended him to the care and favour of his brother and successor, Henry III., who faithfully fulfilled the charge.  His mother married Francois de Balzac, marquis d’Entragues, and one of her daughters, Henriette, marchioness of Verneuil, afterwards became the mistress of Henry IV.  Charles of Valois, was carefully educated, and was destined for the order of Malta.  At the early age of sixteen he attained one of the highest dignities of the order, being made grand prior of France.  Shortly after he came into possession of large estates left by Catherine de’ Medici, from one of which he took his title of count of Auvergne.  In 1591 he obtained a dispensation from the vows of the order of Malta, and married Charlotte, daughter of Henry, Marshal d’Amville, afterwards duke of Montmorency.  In 1589 Henry III. was assassinated, but on his deathbed he commended Charles to the good-will of his successor Henry IV.  By that monarch he was made colonel of horse, and in that capacity served in the campaigns during the early part of the reign.  But the connexion between the king and the marchioness of Verneuil appears to have been very displeasing to Auvergne, and in 1601 he engaged in the conspiracy formed by the dukes of Savoy, Biron and Bouillon, one of the objects of which was to force Henry to repudiate his wife and marry the marchioness.  The conspiracy was discovered; Biron and Auvergne were arrested and Biron was executed.  Auvergne after a few months’ imprisonment was released, chiefly through the influence of his half-sister, his